Mandible analysis of NOD and NON strains of mice

10 inbred strains of mice including NOD and NON were identified by discriminant and canonical discriminant analysis of the mandible measurements. The number of erroneous discriminations was 0·5% (1/199) for the females and 0% for males (0/232). In canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), NOD and NON inbred strains were separately located on 2-dimensional planes, Z1-Z2, Z1-Z3, and Z2-Z3. These results clearly indicate that the genetic constitution of NOD and NON differs, although they have been established from a common ancestor ICR mouse. Causes of divergence between NOD and NON mice arc discussed.

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Cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase variation within the C3H inbred strain

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300001890 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 93-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anne McLaren ◽

Andrew Taita

Keyword(s):

Inbred Strain ◽

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice

Two allelic forms of the supernatant NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are found in inbred strains of mice (Henderson, 1965). The five C3H substrains tested, namely C3H/HeJ, C3H/Re-sl, C3H/N-wJ+, C3H/J-WX+ and C3HeB/FeJ, all proved to be of the Id-la/Id-la genetic constitution. (For the nomenclature of inbred strains and substrains of mice see Staats, Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice, Cancer Res. 24 (1964), 147–168.) All these substrains were obtained from E. S. Russell at the Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, and were presumably all derived from C3H/He mice.

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STUDIES ON MOUSE LEUKEMIA

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.60.5.547 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 547-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph Victor ◽

James S. Potter

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽

Lymphatic Leukemia ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

1. Two highly inbred strains of mice of different genetic constitution (Storrs-Little and C58) were used in a study of the influence of hosts on metabolism of cells of transmissible lymphatic leukemia. The experiments were carried out with leukemic cells of transmission Line I as well as with Line M-liver. About 50 per cent of the Storrs-Little mice were killed by each line of cells at this time, while 100 per cent of the C58 mice were killed. 2. The normal lymphoid tissues of the two strains of mice were significantly the same in regard to rates of oxygen consumption and both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. 3. Leukemic cells of Line I, growing in hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, gave significantly lower rates of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis than when growing in hosts of Strain C58. Oxygen consumption was significantly higher. Leukemic cells of Line M-liver, growing in hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, gave significantly lower rates of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis than when growing in Strain C58. Oxygen consumption was not significantly different. 4. After one to three passages through hosts of Strain Storrs-Little, the cell lines were returned to hosts of Strain C58, with immediate return to significantly the same metabolic rates originally given by each line in hosts of Strain C58. 5. These results lead to the more general conclusions that: (a) The genetic constitution of the host modifies the metabolism of the cell line. (b) The same host constitution may modify the metabolism of different cell lines in different ways. (c) Host constitution does not appear to modify the inherent constitution of the leukemic cells, but acts as a determining environmental factor on their metabolism.

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NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.81.4.359 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 359-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Howard A. Schneider ◽

Leslie T. Webster

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Whole Wheat ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Resistance To Infection

1. A diet of whole wheat and whole dried milk has been shown to promote a higher survival rate, among W-Swiss mice subjected to S. enteritidis infection, than that promoted by a "synthetic" diet. 2. The demonstration of this ability of diet to condition natural resistance has been found to depend upon the genetic constitution of the mice employed. The demonstration has been possible in W-Swiss mice, a strain only moderately inbred and retaining a degree of genetic variability. The demonstration has not been possible in three highly inbred strains of mice selected so that they differed predictably from one another in natural resistance. 3. The nutritional factors involved are present in whole wheat and are absent or negligible in dried whole milk. Their nature has not yet been determined.

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Differences in Mammary Development and Pituitary and Placental Mammotropin Levels of Two Inbred Strains of Mice (DDD and DSD) Established from the Common Ancestor (dd)

EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS ◽

10.1538/expanim1957.21.4_205 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiroshi NAGASAWA ◽

Reiko YANAI ◽

Moriyoshi MIYAMOTO ◽

Takayoshi INO

Keyword(s):

Common Ancestor ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Mammary Development ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

The Common

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Spermatozoal Head Shape in Two Inbred Strains of Mice and Their Fl and F2 Progenies

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9690947 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 947 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Liia Illisson

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Head Shape ◽

Discriminant Score ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

Inbred Parent ◽

Low Levels ◽

Minimal Estimate

Seven available inbred strains of mice-A, C57, SWR, C3H, 101, CBA, and DBA-were examined for differences in the shape of their spermatozoal heads. The two most extreme strains with respect to spermatozoal head shape were found to be SWR and C57. The Fl and F2 progenies derived from crossing C57 and SWR strains were found to be roughly intermediate between the parent inbred strains. Spermatozoal head shape for these preliminary investigations was calculated as outlined by Penrose (1953). Discriminant analysis was then carried out on F2 data and a linear discriminant function was obtained whereby 13 characteristics of the spermatozoal head were combined into one "super-character" or discriminant score. The numerical value of the discriminant score was taken as an estimate of spermatozoal head shape for each spermatozoon measured. 4nalyses of variance carried out on the discriminant scores for each generation revealed that intrastrain variation was not significant in the SWR strain and reached only low levels of significance in the C57 strain. The Fl males were found to be more variable than the inbred males. A large portion of the variability between the Fl males was shown to arise from "maternal effects". The F2 males were found to be much more variable than the Fl males and an estimate of heritability was approximately 0 -9. A minimal estimate of the number of "effective factors" operating to distinguish the two inbred parent strains was found to be two. The within-male variance was found not to differ significantly from generation to generation. The implications of these results are discussed.

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Morphometrical observations on the mandible of five strains of rabbits and strain identification using mandible measurements

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367787781268738 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 188-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. Goto ◽

K. Watanabe ◽

H. Umezawa ◽

H. Yazawa ◽

S. Kuramasu

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Common Ancestor ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Principal Component ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Strain Identification ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Discriminant Analyses

In order to clarify the relationships between five strains of rabbits and to identify the strains, principal component and discriminant analyses were carried out using 12 mandibular measurements of three inbred strains (JW-NIBS/Y (JW/Y), NW-NIBS/Y (NW/Y) and Dutch-NIBS/Y (D/Y)) and two outbred strains (JW-NIBS (JW) and NW-NIBS (NW)) which were maintained at the Nippon Institute for Biological Science. The results obtained were as follows. (1) Principal component analysis revealed that in the males the mandible of JW was the largest but with considerable variation. D/Y was the smallest of all strains examined. The mandibles of NW and NW/Y were similar to the JW mandibles but had a shape which was shorter and higher. In the females the mandible of NW was the largest of all strains and, as in the males, D/Y was the smallest and JW varied markedly. (2) Discriminant analysis showed the probability of erroneous discrimination to be 14·8% (34/229) when the inbred and outbred strains were combined. In both sexes erroneous discrimination mostly occurred between NW and NW/Y, which have the same origin, and between JW and NW, which have a common ancestor. However, when the inbreds and outbreds were identified separately by discriminant analysis, the probability of erroneous discrimination was low in both cases (4·5% (5/112) and 7·7% (9/117) respectively). These results indicate that strain differences are found in the size and shape of rabbit mandibles and that mandible analysis is effective for strain identification of laboratory rabbits.

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