Spermatozoal Head Shape in Two Inbred Strains of Mice and Their Fl and F2 Progenies

Seven available inbred strains of mice-A, C57, SWR, C3H, 101, CBA, and DBA-were examined for differences in the shape of their spermatozoal heads. The two most extreme strains with respect to spermatozoal head shape were found to be SWR and C57. The Fl and F2 progenies derived from crossing C57 and SWR strains were found to be roughly intermediate between the parent inbred strains. Spermatozoal head shape for these preliminary investigations was calculated as outlined by Penrose (1953). Discriminant analysis was then carried out on F2 data and a linear discriminant function was obtained whereby 13 characteristics of the spermatozoal head were combined into one "super-character" or discriminant score. The numerical value of the discriminant score was taken as an estimate of spermatozoal head shape for each spermatozoon measured. 4nalyses of variance carried out on the discriminant scores for each generation revealed that intrastrain variation was not significant in the SWR strain and reached only low levels of significance in the C57 strain. The Fl males were found to be more variable than the inbred males. A large portion of the variability between the Fl males was shown to arise from "maternal effects". The F2 males were found to be much more variable than the Fl males and an estimate of heritability was approximately 0 -9. A minimal estimate of the number of "effective factors" operating to distinguish the two inbred parent strains was found to be two. The within-male variance was found not to differ significantly from generation to generation. The implications of these results are discussed.

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Mandible analysis of NOD and NON strains of mice

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367784780958213 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Komeda ◽

N. Goto

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Common Ancestor ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽

Genetic Constitution ◽

Reduction Of Dimensionality ◽

Icr Mouse ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice

10 inbred strains of mice including NOD and NON were identified by discriminant and canonical discriminant analysis of the mandible measurements. The number of erroneous discriminations was 0·5% (1/199) for the females and 0% for males (0/232). In canonical discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality), NOD and NON inbred strains were separately located on 2-dimensional planes, Z1-Z2, Z1-Z3, and Z2-Z3. These results clearly indicate that the genetic constitution of NOD and NON differs, although they have been established from a common ancestor ICR mouse. Causes of divergence between NOD and NON mice arc discussed.

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Linear Discrimination Analysis of Monkey Behavior in an Alternative Free Choice Task

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2007.p0416 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 416-422

Author(s):

Kazuhito Takenaka ◽

◽

Yasuo Nagasaka ◽

Sayaka Hihara ◽

Hiroyuki Nakahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Free Choice ◽

Discriminant Score ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Linear Discrimination ◽

Choice Tasks ◽

The Brain ◽

Alternative Decision ◽

A Current

When we observe people, we can often comprehend their intention from their behaviors. The intentions expressed by individuals can be considered as existing in interpersonal space and from a current social context. In our daily activity, choosing socially correct behavior through the observation of such social context is essential. However, it is not known how we can decode intention from another’s behavior. Here, we show how we can retrieve the intention of monkeys through external observation of their behavior patterns while performing alternative free choice tasks. We found that linear discriminant analysis on a monkey’s motion parameters could provide a discriminant score that appears to reflect the internal decision making process. The score showed a clear flexion point that we defined as a moment of outward expression of intention (OEI). This suggests that an alternative decision is made just before an OEI and that intention is expressed in the environment after this OEI in behavior, which in turn suggests that discriminant analysis may be useful in indicating how the brain implements nonverbal social communication. If we could embed the function in a human-machine interfaces, it could enable intuitive, smooth communication between machines and humans.

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GENETICS OF A NEW IgVH (T15 IDIOTYPE) MARKER IN THE MOUSE REGULATING NATURAL ANTIBODY TO PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.139.4.983 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 139 (4) ◽

pp. 983-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

R. Lieberman ◽

M. Potter ◽

E. B. Mushinski ◽

W. Humphrey ◽

S. Rudikoff

Keyword(s):

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Natural Antibody ◽

Myeloma Protein ◽

Germ Free ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

Low Levels ◽

Linkage Of Genes ◽

F2 Progeny

The idiotype present on the Fab of a phosphorylcholine-binding IgA myeloma protein TEPC 15 (T15) of BALB/c origin was found in normal serum of BALB/c mice. Molecules carrying the T15 idiotype in normal serum could be adsorbed with Sepharose phosphorylcholine beads and R36A pneumococci. The T15 idiotype is absent in germ-free BALB/c but appears when the mice are conventionalized. A survey of normal sera of inbred strains for the T15 idiotype showed it to be present in BALB/c, 129, C57L, C58, and ST and absent or in low levels in CBA, C3H, C57BL/6, C57BL/Ka, C57BL/10, SJL, B10.D2, DBA/2, RIII, A, AL, AKR, NZB, and NH inbred strains of mice. The T15 idiotype is associated with some but not all strains carrying the IgCH allotypes found in BALB/c. Linkage of genes controlling the T15 idiotype in normal serum to the IgCH locus of BALB/c was demonstrated in F2 progeny of a BALB/c and C57BL cross, Bailey's recombinant inbred strains, C x BD, C x BE, C x BG, C x BH, C x BI, C x BJ, C x BK, and CB20 congenic strains. Among these strains, only those possessing the IgCH locus of BALB/c including the F2 progeny consisting of BALB/c homozygotes and BALB/c/C57BL heterozygotes and C x BG and C x BJ recombinants showed the T15 idiotype.

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Altered Turnover of Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase in Erythroid Cells of Mice Expressing Hprt a and Hprt b Alleles

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/116.2.313 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 116 (2) ◽

pp. 313-320

Author(s):

Gerald G Johnson ◽

Verne M Chapman

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽

Erythroid Cells ◽

Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽

Turnover Rates ◽

Mus Spretus ◽

Mus Musculus Musculus ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽

Low Levels

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that mice expressing Hprt a allele(s) have erythrocyte hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) levels that are approximately 25-fold (Mus musculus castaneus) and 70-fold (Mus spretus) higher than in mice that express the Hprt b allele (Mus musculus domesticus; C57BI/6J; C3H/HeHa), and that these differences in erythrocyte HPRT levels are due to differences in the turnover rates of the HPRT A and B proteins as reticulocytes mature to erythrocytes. We show here that: (1) the taxonomic subgroups of the genus Mus are essentially monomorphic for the occurrence of either the Hprt a or the Hprt b allele, with Hprt a being common in the aboriginal species (M. spretus, Mus hortulanus and Mus abbotti) and in several commensal species (Mus musculus musculus, M. m. castaneus, Mus musculus molossinus), while Hprt b is common in feral M. m. domesticus populations as well as in all inbred strains of mice tested; (2) in all these diverse Mus subgroups there is a strict association of Hprt a with high and Hprt b with low levels of erythrocyte HPRT; and, (3) the association between the occurrence of the Hprt a allele and elevated erythrocyte HPRT levels is retained following repeated backcrosses of wild-derived Hprt a allele(s) into the genetic background of inbred strains of mice with the Hprt b allele. Collectively, these observations indicate that the elevated and low levels of erythrocyte HPRT are specified by differences in the Hprt a and b structural genes. Since evidence indicates that Hprt a and b encode HPRT proteins which differ in primary structure, we infer that the structure of HPRT is an important factor in determining its sensitivity to turnover in mouse erythroid cells. Hprt a and b may provide a useful system of "normal" allelic gene products for identifying factors that participate in protein turnover during mouse reticulocyte maturation.

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