scholarly journals Effect of storage on pollen viability in Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus mugo Turra and their hybrid swarms

Dendrobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Andrej Kormuťák ◽  
Martin Galgóci ◽  
Peter Boleček ◽  
Dušan Gőmőry
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Andrej Kormutak ◽  
Martina Brana ◽  
Martin Galgoci ◽  
Peter Manka ◽  
Denisa Sukenikova ◽  
...  

Abstract Generally acknowledged reduction of the interspecific hybrid fertility was utilized in evaluation of the putative hybrid swarms of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and mountain dwarf pine (P. mugo Turra) viability under field conditions. Pollen viability and seed quality of the trees from the four contact zones of P. syl­vestris and P. mugo in Slovakia were compared with the corres­ponding characteristics of the pure populations of these spe­cies from three reference localities. Pollen germination percentage was comparable in contact zones and control populations of the species. Statistically significant differences between the parent and hybrid groups were detected in pollen tube length only. In general, pollen tubes of the pure species populations were longer than those in contact zones. At the cone level, the individuals from contact zones possessed shor­ter cones than the trees of pure species populations P. mugo and P. sylvestris. This was paralleled by a lower number of seeds per cone in contact zones and higher amount of seeds per cone in the P. mugo population. Striking differences between individuals of the contact zones and reference populations were revealed also in germination potentials of their seeds. Significantly higher proportions of germinating seeds was found in the reference populations of P. mugo and P. sylvestris than in their contact zones. Contrary to seed quality parame­ters mentioned above, the fractions of filled but non-germina­ting seeds and amounts of empty seeds were higher in contact zones than in the parental species populations, indicating hig­her frequency occurrence of abortive embryogenesis in the former. The lower fertility characteristics of the individuals from contact zones indicate their hybrid nature.


2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Breznenova ◽  
V. Demko ◽  
A. Pavlovic ◽  
E. Galova ◽  
R. Balazova ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Felšöciová ◽  
Nenad Vukovic ◽  
Paweł Jeżowski ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová

AbstractPhytopathogenic fungi have been responsible for considerable economic losses in vineyards, and therefore, more attention should be paid to the development and implementation of preventative treatment that is environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ten essential oils (EOs) (viz. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Carum carvi L., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Origanum vulgare L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L.). For the antifungal activity evaluation against Penicillium brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum and Talaromyces purpurogenus a disc diffusion method was used. The ten EOs exhibited different antifungal properties. Three tested EOs (Carum carvi L., Satureja hortensis L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) at concentrations of 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.125 µL/mL showed antifungal activity, inhibiting the mycelial growth. The Origanum vulgare L. EOs exhibited a lower level of inhibition. Overall, Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Pinus mugo var. pumilio, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Pinus sylvestris L., Satureja hortensis L., Pimpinella anisum L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. were effective as fungicidal agents but their efficiency varied between the strains of fungi. Carum carvi L. showed strong antifungal activity against all tested strains at both full strength and reduced concentrations. These EOs could be considered as potential sources of antifungal compounds for treating plant fungal diseases.


2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Bączkiewicz

Sixteen individuals were sampled for study of variation in 17 anatomical and morphological characters. Only individuals of low polycormic growth (trait typical for <i>Pinus mugo</i> Turra) connected with incurved one-year-cone stipes (a similar situation exists in <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) were chosen, thus the sample studied cannot be treated as a random one. It has been shown by multivariate statistical analysis that these 16 individuals are quite different from each other, Mahalanobis'generalized distances between them being nearly 50% significantly different from 0. The sample studied in this respect is distinctly different from pure stands of both putative parental species (i.e. <i>Pinus mugo</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i>). Every plant studied shows a different combination of traits typical (or nearly typical) for both the above-mentioned species and traits that are truly intermediate between them. The results support the frequently expressed opinion that the mountain pine population from the peat bog "Bór na Czerwonem" is, in fact, a hybrid swarm formed by hybridization between <i>Pinus mugo</i> and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>.


Author(s):  
T. P. Mandzii
Keyword(s):  

Вступ. Дослідження науковців, проведені в останні роки, показали, що існує певний зв’язок між вмістом у рослинах, лікарській рослинній сировині та харчових продуктах макро- і мікроелементів та частотою виникнення деяких захворювань. На здоров’я людини впливає цілий комплекс чинників, і вміст макро- та мікроелементів є лише одним із аспектів зазначеного зв’язку. Безпечна цінність біологічно активних речовин рослин полягає в тому, що вони містять у своєму складі збалансований комплекс елементів, які для організму людини не чужі. Багато лікарських рослин накопичують високу концентрацію необхідних для організму макро- та мікроелементів, що надає їм суттєвої переваги при проведенні профілактики і лікуванні великої кількості захворювань, які пов’язані з порушенням балансу макро- та мікроелементів в організмі людини. Рослинна сировина здатна накопичувати хімічні елементи у процесі вегетації і виділяти ці сполуки при екстракції та отриманні комплексних фітопрепаратів. Мета дослідження – дослідити макро- та мікроелементний склад листків сосни звичайної та сосни гірської, заготовлених в Україні, для вивчення можливості подальшого їх використання як фітозасобів. Методи дослідження. Дослідження проводили на базі Центру Біоелементології Івано-Франківського національного медичного університету. Визначали накопичення в досліджуваних видах таких елементів, як купрум, цинк, ферум, кадмій, магній. Елементи визначали на атомно-абсорбційному спектрофотометрі С-115ПК у повітряно-ацетиленовому полум’ї з використанням комп’ютерного розшифрування їх вмісту порівняно зі стандартом. Результати й обговорення. У листках сосни звичайної, заготовлених в Івано-Франківській області, визначено кількісний вміст макро- та мікроелементів, а саме: Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cd, S, Co, Ni, Pb, Cr. Вміст Cd перебував у гранично допустимих межах. Висновки. Уперше досліджено склад макро- та мікроелементів сировини Рinus sylvestris L. і Pinus mugo TURRA, яка зростала на території Івано-Франківської та Закарпатської областей, виявлено 5 елементів. Установлено, що вміст макро- та мікроелементів у листках сосни звичайної і сосни гірської відповідає таким закономірностям: Cu>Zn>Fe>Cd>Mg. Рослинна сировина здатна до накопичення хімічних елементів у процесі вегетації та має здатність до виділення цих сполук при екстракції та отриманні комплексних фітопрепаратів. Тому актуальним є дослідження нових лікарських рослин, які будуть доповненням до офіційних видів, з великим вмістом біологічно активних речовин та розробка нових лікарських засобів, які вміщують комплекс необхідних макро- та мікроелементів. До таких рослин ми можемо віднести родину Pinus L. Досліджено склад макро- та мікроелементів листків Pinus sylvestris L. та Pinus mugo TURRA. У досліджуваній сировині ідентифіковано та визначено кількісний вміст 5 елементів. Ключові слова: макро- та мікроелементи, сировина, сосна звичайна, сосна гірська.


Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Karolina Sobierajska ◽  
Witold Wachowiak ◽  
Julia Zaborowska ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Błażej Wójkiewicz ◽  
...  

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the taxa from the P. mugo complex can hybridize in the contact zones and produce fertile hybrids. A unique example of an early Holocene relict population of P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa (a taxon from the P. mugo complex) growing on the tops of Jurassic sandstone rocks is located in Błędne Skały (Sudetes). Phenotypically, there are trees resembling P. sylvestris, P. uliginosa and intermediate forms between them. We expected that some of P. sylvestris and/or P. uliginosa-like trees could be in fact cryptic hybrids resembling one of the parental phenotypes. To address this question, we examined randomly sampled individuals, using a set of plastid (cpDNA), nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers as well as biometric characteristics of needles and cones. The results were compared to the same measurements of allopatric reference populations of the P. sylvestris and the P. mugo complex (Pinus mugo s.s, P. uncinata and P. uliginosa). We detected cpDNA barcodes of the P. mugo complex in most individuals with the P. sylvestris phenotype, while we did not detect cpDNA diagnostic of P. sylvestris within P. uliginosa-like trees. These results indicate the presence of cryptic hybrids of the P. sylvestris phenotype. We found only three typical P. sylvestris individuals that were clustered with the species reference populations based on needle and cone characteristics. Most trees showed intermediate characteristics between P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa-like trees, indicating intensive and probably long-lasting hybridization of the taxa at this area and subsequent gene erosion of parental species.


Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Girmantė Jurkšienė ◽  
Dalia Janušauskaitė ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas

The Curonian Spit (Lithuanian: Kursiu nerija) is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast. The Curonian Spit is home to the highest moving (drifting) sand dunes in Europe. Coniferous woods are prevalent in the Kursiu Nerija National Park (80%). These woods consist mostly of native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and alien mountain pine (Pinus mugo L.). With the planting of non-native species, there is a need for studies evaluating the effects of alien and native plant species on soil ecosystem properties. We measured soil microbial communities from nearby pairs of native and alien pine species. Forty-two sampling sites of close-growing P. sylvestris and P. mugo were selected. To measure the soil microbial activity in these sites, we used Biolog EcoPlates. We found that the functional diversity of microorganisms that use carbon sources was significantly greater in the mature pine stands. Microbial functional diversity was also greater in the soils of native pine stands. Differences between activity and functional diversity in newly established and old stands were also identified.


2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lewandowski ◽  
M. Wiśniewska

Abstract Results of artificial fertilization of P. uliginosa with P. sylvestris and P. mugo are presented and discussed. P. sylvestris and P. mugo are thought to be the parental species of P. uliginosa. Two grafts of one P. uliginosa clone from Arboretum of the Institute of Dendrology in Kórnik, Poland were used as mother individuals. One individual of P. sylvestris and one individual of P. mugo were the pollen donors. Three mature cones were obtained as the result of artificial pollination of P. uliginosa with P. mugo pollen. Out of 107 seeds, 68 were filled what gives 63%. P. uliginosa conelets pollinated with P. sylvestris pollen were all aborted. Based on obtained data, close phylogenetic relationship between P. uliginosa and P. mugo complex is suggested.


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Andrej Kormutak ◽  
Martin Galgoci ◽  
Peter Bolecek ◽  
Dusan Gőmőry ◽  
Jana Libantova

AbstractThe crossability relationship between Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and mountain dwarf pine (Pinus mugo Turra) was tested under field conditions using an artificial pollination approach. There was partial compatibility between the parental species, as evidenced by the amount of filled seeds in their reciprocal crossings and in control variants from self-pollination, controlled intraspecific outcrossing and open pollination of mother trees. The crossability degree in P. sylvestris × P. mugo was characterised by the index 0.15, and the reciprocal crossing by the index 0.18. Crossability of P. sylvestris and P. mugo with their putative hybrid individuals was much higher; the number of filled seeds was comparable with that of the control variants. The reciprocal crossings of P. sylvestris and P. mugo species were highlighted by the opposite inheritance of their chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). The paternal cpDNA inheritance in P. sylvestris × P. mugo and maternal cpDNA inheritance in P. mugo × P. sylvestris was repeatedly confirmed using the cpDNA trnV-trnH/HinfI marker as well as the newly developed partial cpDNA trnV-trnH/AseI marker. The nature of the latter is described in terms of the nucleotide sequence.


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