scholarly journals Η διδασκαλία του θεατρικού παιχνιδιού στο μάθημα της προσαρμοσμένης φυσικής αγωγής ως μέσο ανάπτυξης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων παιδιών με διαταραχή αυτιστικού φάσματος

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Μπέλλα
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Multisource Assessment ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Post Hoc

Η απόκτηση και ικανότητα χρήσης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων με βάση την ερμηνεία που αποδίδεται στη θεωρία του Κοινωνικού Κονστροκτουβισμού διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην κοινωνική ανάπτυξη των παιδιών να αλληλοεπιδρούν αποτελεσματικά με το περιβάλλον και να επιτυγχάνουν κοινωνικούς στόχους. Η απουσία ή η έλλειψη κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων όπως παρατηρείται στα παιδιά με Διαταραχή Αυτιστικού Φάσματος (ΔΑΦ), μπορεί να οδηγήσει στην απομόνωση. Η σχολική ζωή μέσω των διαφόρων δραστηριοτήτων προσφέρει καθημερινά κίνητρα για πολύπλευρες εμπειρίες που αυξάνουν τις κοινωνικές επαφές και την ομαλή προσαρμογή στην ομαδική ζωή της τάξης. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν ο σχεδιασμός, η εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση επίδρασης ενός προγράμματος θεατρικού παιχνιδιού στην ανάπτυξη κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων παιδιών με ΔΑΦ, μέσα από το μάθημα της Φυσικής Αγωγής (ΦΑ). Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν έξι παιδιά, με Αυτισμό Υψηλής Λειτουργικότητας (ΥΛΑ), ηλικίας 9-11 ετών που φοιτούσαν σε τμήματα ένταξης δημοτικών σχολείων και παιδιά (N=132) της ίδιας ηλικίας που φοιτούσαν σε γενικές τάξεις των ίδιων σχολείων και παρακολουθούσαν από κοινού το μάθημα της ΦΑ. Η έρευνα περιλάμβανε, σχεδιασμό και εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος θεατρικού παιχνιδιού, χρήση της λίστας «κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων/δεξιοτήτων παιχνιδιού» του εργαλείου παρατήρησης COMPASS (Collaborative Model for Promoting Competence and Success for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder) διενέργεια συνεντεύξεων με τους εκπαιδευτικούς, χρήση της κλίμακας «Πολλαπλής πηγής Αξιολόγησης της Κοινωνικής Ικανότητας των Παιδιών» (ΠΠΑΚΙ) (Multisource Assessment of Children’s Social Competence; MASCS) και της κλίμακας «Αισθημάτων για την Ομαδική Εργασία» (ΕΚΑΟΕ) (Feelings Towards Group Work; FTGW). Το πρόγραμμα είχε διάρκεια 8 εβδομάδων με συχνότητα δύο φορές εβδομαδιαίως για 45 λεπτά ανά εκπαιδευτική συνεδρία. Στις συνεντεύξεις με τις εκπαιδευτικούς, και την ανάλυση των ερωτήσεων ανοικτού τύπου, εφαρμόστηκε η μέθοδος της φαινομενολογικής προσέγγισης, ενώ για τις ερωτήσεις κλειστού τύπου έγινε έλεγχος ανεξαρτησίας χ2 στον παράγοντα ειδικότητα. Όσον αφορά την παρατήρηση των παιδιών με ΥΛΑ, στη συχνότητα εμφάνισης δέκα παρατηρούμενων μεταβλητών, έγινε καταγραφή μέσω τετράβαθμης κλίμακας, και ακολούθησε t-test για εξαρτημένα δείγματα. Για την αξιολόγηση των αντιλήψεων των παιδιών τυπικής τάξης, για τα παιδιά με ΥΛΑ, και την εύρεση πιθανών διαφορών στα σκορ, από την επίδραση του προγράμματος, στην κοινωνική ικανότητα και την προτίμηση στον ομαδικό τρόπο εργασίας, εφαρμόστηκε t-test για εξαρτημένα δείγματα. Ένα μήνα μετά τη λήξη της παρέμβασης (follow up) και για τον έλεγχο διαφοροποιήσεων από την εφαρμογή του προγράμματος τόσο στις συχνότητες εμφάνισης των παρατηρούμενων μεταβλητών, όσο και στα σκορ των κλιμάκων πραγματοποιήθηκε ανάλυση διακύμανσης επαναλαμβανόμενων μετρήσεων (repeated-measures-ANOVA) και εκτελέστηκαν δοκιμές πολλαπλών συγκρίσεων (post hoc). Τα έξι παιδιά με ΥΛΑ με βάση τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα της έρευνας, ενίσχυσαν και βελτίωσαν τις δεξιότητες συνεργασίας, μοιράστηκαν το ενδιαφέρον τους με τα παιδιά τάξης, και μείωσαν παράλληλα την οξυθυμία, την πρόκληση αναστάτωσης και τη δυσκολία προσαρμογής στην ομάδα, αναλαμβάνοντας παράλληλα πρωτοβουλίες και επιλύοντας προβλήματα εντός ομάδας. Το κύριο συμπέρασμα αυτής της έρευνας είναι ότι το πρόγραμμα θεατρικού παιχνιδιού ήταν επιτυχές, καθώς τα παιδιά με ΥΛΑ ενίσχυσαν την κοινωνική τους αλληλεπίδραση. Με τις κατάλληλες παρεμβάσεις στα προβλεπόμενα προγράμματα σπουδών, την κατάλληλη γνώση των στρατηγικών των δραστηριοτήτων του θεατρικού παιχνιδιού, αυτή η δραστηριότητα μπορεί να αποτελέσει ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο μάθησης κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων σε επίπεδο τάξης.

scholarly journals Ipsilateral and Contralateral Torque Responses to Bilateral and Unilateral Maximal, Fatiguing, Isokinetic Leg Extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Neltner ◽  
John Paul V. Anders ◽  
Joshua L. Keller ◽  
Robert W. Smith ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Background: Few studies have compared performance fatigability (PF) for bilateral versus unilateral isokinetic tasks. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine: Mode-specific testing responses to isokinetic fatigue, differences in PF between bilateral and unilateral leg extensions, and the effects of fatiguing, unilateral, dynamic leg extensions on contralateral isokinetic peak torque (PT) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods: Eight men (mean ± SD: age= 22.5 ± 2.5 yr.) completed pre- and post-testing for PT and MVIC following 50 bilateral, unilateral right or left leg maximal, isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s-1, on three separate days. Fatigue-induced decreases in PT and MVIC were used to quantify PF. The data were analyzed with a 4-way repeated measures ANOVA, follow up, and post-hoc analyses. Results: The results indicated that there were no differences (p > 0.05) in PF for the bilateral versus unilateral fatiguing tasks, decreases in PT (p < 0.001 - 0.016; d = 0.54 - 2.58) and MVIC (p < 0.001 - 0.006; η2p = 0.682 - 0.962) for the exercised legs during unilateral fatigue, and a contralateral increase (p = 0.007) in PT following the right leg fatiguing task. Conclusion: The results indicated that PT was more sensitive to fatiguing isokinetic tasks than was MVIC. In addition, there was a facilitation of PT in the contralateral leg following unilateral right leg fatigue. The differences in PT and MVIC testing may be attributable to the timing and/or relative contributions of peripheral and central fatigue.

Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in Anterior Maxilla with and without a Covering Collagen Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 743-751
Author(s):  
Ehab Abdelfadil ◽  
Wael Aboelmaaty
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Ridge Augmentation ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix [MPM] is a unique form of platelet rich fibrin that contains mineralized bone graft particles within a fibrin network. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate horizontal ridge augmentation using MPM with and without a coverage membrane. Materials and Methods: Sixteen edentulous spaces were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. MPM was used for horizontal ridge augmentation with and without a covering collagen membrane (group 1 and 2, respectively). Cone Beam CT images were obtained preoperatively as well as 1 week and 4 months postoperatively to evaluate alveolar ridge and the resorption of the grafting material at 3 predetermined points along with the site where the future dental implant will be placed. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Student’s t-test (Unpaired) was used for comparing two different groups with quantitative parametric data and student’s t-test (Paired) was used for comparing two related groups with quantitative parametric data while repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of variance) followed by post-hoc Bonferroni was used for comparing more than two related groups with quantitative parametric data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the gained bone width in both groups. More but not statistically significant resorption was recorded in group 2. Conclusion: MPM can be successfully used for horizontal ridge augmentation without a barrier membrane.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN POST CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Md Anwar Sadat Halder ◽  
Saumen Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Usual Care Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Care Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Despite optimum medical and surgical management, a large number of patients became unable to maintain normal activity of daily living due to inadequate rehabilitation. Rehabilitation cannot be regarded as an isolated form or stage of therapy. Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, is a surgical procedure to bypass the obstructed coronary artery (the "target vessel"). India has a large number of patients of coronary artery disease who needs CABG operation. Over few decades post-operative rehabilitation of CABG patients is done though there is no separate national level guidelines for Indian population even in post myocardial infarction patients like western countries though socio economic prole, health infrastructure and need are different from rest of the world. So, our study is a humble attempt to examine the efcacy of rehabilitation programme followed in western world. Material and methods: In this Open labelled parallel group prospective randomised trial, conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in collaboration with the cardio-thoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS) unit of the Institute of Cardio-Vascular Sciences, at the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) and SSKM Hospitals, Kolkata between January, 2014 to June, 2015 (18 months). Patients who undergone CABG operation in CTVS Department SSKM Hospital, Kolkata were included. Total 80 patients, 40 in each group were recruited. Patients were randomised to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group (n=40); named as cases and usual care group (n=40); named as control. Institutional ethical committee clearance was taken. Informed consent was taken from each patient before including them in this study. Every patient was explained about the programme. Parameters used:1. Forced vital capacity (FVC), 2. Metabolic Equivalent (MET), 3. Functional assessment (6MWT). Patient will be assessed at the end of 1 week,6 week and 3month of operation. FVC and 6MWT were performed in each visit where MET assessment was done in 6 week and 3 months. Results: Data will be summarised by routine descriptive statistics. Numerical variables will be compared between groups by Student's Unpaired 't' test if normally distributed or by Mann-Whitney's 'U' test if otherwise. Variation over time would be assessed through repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or by Friedman's ANOVA if otherwise. Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact test would be employed for inter-group comparison of categorical variance. Analysis will be two-tailed and p<0.05 would be considered statistically signicant. In both the groups maximum number of patients are in the age group of 51-60. Most of study population are male (90%). There is statistically signicant difference (Student unpaired T test p value <0.01) of MET between cases and controls at 6th week (4.41 vs 3.92) and 3 months (6.93vs 6.66). Result shows statistically signicant difference (Student unpaired T test p value <0.01) of 6MWT between cases and controls at 1 week, 6 week and 3 months. Improvement pattern of FVC over time in Rehabilitation group shows that FVC improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test (P < 0.001Number of time points 3F value 121.85). Comparison of FVC in usual care group in each visit shows FVC improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p value < 0.05 (p<0.001 No. of point 3F value 243.38). Comparison of 6MWT in Rehabilitation group in each visit shows 6MWT improves in each visit when compared to previous one by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p vale < 0.05 (Repeated Measures ANOVA P < 0.001Number of time points 3 F value 1498.0). Comparison of 6MWT in usual care group in each visit shows 6MWT improves over time when compared with previous visit by Repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey's test as post hoc test if ANOVA returns p value < 0.05 (p value 0.001 Number of time points 3 F value 580.83). Comparison of MET in Rehabilitation group in each visit show MET improves signicantly (4.41 vs 6.93) when compared to earlier one by student paired t test (p <0.01). Comparison of MET in usual care group in each visit show MET improves signicantly (3.92 vs 6.66) when compared to earlier one by student paired t test (p <0.01). Conclusion: th Our study shows most of our patient is male of 5 decade. Both conventional care and comprehensive rehabilitation after CABG shows statistically signicant improvement in FVC and 6MWT throughout study. Rehabilitation group shows better improvement than usual care group FVC and 6MWT throughout study. Improvement pattern of MET is consistent from 6 week to 3 months in both the group. Rehabilitation group shows better improvement in METS from 6 week to 3 months.

Effects of a social recreational program for children with autism spectrum disorders - preliminary findings

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 290-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Goh ◽  
M. Sung ◽  
Y.P. Ooi ◽  
C.M. Lam ◽  
A. Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

IntroductionSocial impairments form one of the major deficits of Autism Spectrum Disorders and are frequently associated with anxiety in school-going children. Social skills programs have been most well-validated to address the issue but components of the programs require further examination.ObjectivesThe study aims to develop and evaluate a group-based Social Recreational program that encourages interaction and behaviour regulation among children with High-Functioning Autism through their participation in activities that address meaningful and functional skills in a naturalistic social setting. The components of the program are described.Methods30 children were enrolled in the 16-sessions weekly program. Attending psychiatrists rated the children on the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S) at pre-, post-, 3-month, 6-month and one-year follow-up. Anxiety levels of the children were measured by self-reports on the Spence Child Anxiety Scale - Child (SCAS-C) and parent-reports on the Spence Child Anxiety Scale - Parent (SCAS-P).ResultsClinician ratings on the CGI-S showed significant improvements in the children upon completion of the program (Friedman, X2 = 22.69, p = .000) and the gains were maintained at follow-ups. Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction showed lower self-reported anxiety in children after the program, F (2.89, 72.26) = 4.07, p = .004. Post-hoc pair-wise comparisons suggested that the children were significantly less anxious at the 6-month follow-up.ConclusionThe program suggests promising benefits although there are no active anxiety remediation components. Its value lies in its applicability in wider community settings. Implications of its effectiveness are discussed.

Emphasizing Thinking Strategies in Basic Fact Instruction

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-227
Author(s):  
Carol A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Basic Fact ◽  
Traditional Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Total Test

Experimental and traditional groups at both the second- and the fourth-grade level participated in eight weeks of instruction in basic facts. Pretest, posttest, and retention measures were taken, and follow-up interviews were conducted. Group means on total test performance and on the number of harder facts correctly answered each time were examined in a repeated-measures ANOVA. Significant (p<.001p<.001) group × test performance interactions were found in each case. Post hoc Scheffe analyses indicated (except for the traditional group in subtraction) that learning increments due to instruction were significant across groups. An examination by t-test of differences between groups generally favored the experimental groups. Interview data suggested that children did use strategies they had been taught to help memorize the facts.

Site as a tool for pedagogical support of parents of students with autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
M. V. Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
A Site

The article considers an innovative form of interaction between an educational organization and parents of students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive education environment. A site developed by the author is presented, on the basis of which it is planned to implement pedagogical support for parents of students with autism spectrum disorder. The structure and approximate content of such a site are described. Each section of the site corresponds to certain areas of activity within the framework of pedagogical support of parents.

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