scholarly journals The long road to protect infants against severe RSV lower respiratory tract illness

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Jares Baglivo ◽  
Fernando P Polack
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in infants has proven challenging to prevent. In the last 50 years, conceptually different approaches failed to evolve into viable preventive alternatives for routine use. Inactivated RSV vaccine (that is, formalin-inactivated RSV) elicited severe LRTI in RSV-infected toddlers pre-immunized as infants; early purified F protein approaches in pregnant women failed to elicit sufficient immunity more than a decade ago; a second-generation monoclonal antibody (mAb) of high potency against the virus (that is, motavizumab) caused severe adverse reactions in the skin, and owing to lack of efficacy against RSV subgroup B, an extended half-life mAb targeting site V in the RSV fusion protein (that is, REG2222) did not meet its primary endpoint. In the meantime, two protein F vaccines failed to prevent medically attended LRTI in the elderly. However, palivizumab and the recent results of the Novavax maternal immunization trial with ResVax demonstrate that severe RSV LRTI can be prevented by mAb and by maternal immunization (at least to a certain extent). In fact, disease prevention may also decrease the rates of recurrent wheezing and all-cause pneumonia for at least 180 days. In this review, we discuss the history of RSV vaccine development, previous and current vaccine strategies undergoing evaluation, and recent information about disease burden and its implications for the effects of successful preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Pathobiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Ralph A. Tripp ◽  
Paul S. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and affects the elderly and the immune-compromised [...]

scholarly journals In SilicoApproach towards Designing Virtual Oligopeptides for HRSV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

HRSV (human respiratory syncytial virus) is a serious cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Designing inhibitors from the proteins involved in virus replication and infection process provides target for new therapeutic treatments. In the present study,in silicodocking was performed using motavizumab as a template to design motavizumab derived oligopeptides for developing novel anti-HRSV agents. Additional simulations were conducted to study the conformational propensities of the oligopeptides and confirmed the hypothesis that the designed oligopeptide is highly flexible and capable of assuming stable confirmation. Our study demonstrated the best specific interaction of GEKKLVEAPKS oligopeptide for glycoprotein strain A among various screened oligopeptides. Encouraged by the results, we expect that the proposed scheme will provide rational choices for antibody reengineering which is useful for systematically identifying the possible ways to improve efficacy of existing antibody drugs.

Day-Care Center Attendance and Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Illness

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Larry J. Anderson ◽  
Robert A. Parker ◽  
Raymond A. Strikas ◽  
Jeffrey A. Farrar ◽  
Eugene J. Gangarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

To identify risk factors associated with hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness, 102 children <2 years of age admitted to four Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between December 1984 and June 1985 with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract illness were studied. The most common causative agent associated with illness was respiratory syncytial virus, followed by other respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The 102 case-patients were compared with 199 age- and sex-matched controls. A parent or guardian for each patient and control was interviewed by telephone regarding demographic data, care outside the home, breast-feeding, previous medical history, allergies, and smoking and illness in household members. Five factors were associated with lower respiratory tract illness in both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model (P < .05). These factors were the number of people sleeping in the same room with the child, a lack of immunization the month before the patient was hospitalized, prematurity, a history of allergy, and regular attendance in a day-care center (more than six children in attendance). Care received outside of the home in a day-care home (less than or equal to six children in attendance) was not associated with lower respiratory tract illness. The suggestion made by our study and other studies was that for children <2 years of age, care outside of the home is an important risk factor for acquiring lower respiratory tract illness, as well as other infectious diseases, and that this risk can be reduced by using a day-care home instead of a day-care center.

Serious Early Childhood Wheezing After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Preterm Infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (14) ◽  
pp. 2422-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Romero ◽  
Dan L. Stewart ◽  
Erin K. Buysman ◽  
Ancilla W. Fernandes ◽  
Hasan S. Jafri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Dudas ◽  
Ruth A. Karron
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vector Delivery

SUMMARY Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in infants and children worldwide and causes significant LRI in the elderly and in immunocompromised patients. The goal of RSV vaccination is to prevent serious RSV-associated LRI. There are several obstacles to the development of successful RSV vaccines, including the need to immunize very young infants, who may respond inadequately to vaccination; the existence of two antigenically distinct RSV groups, A and B; and the history of disease enhancement following administration of a formalin-inactivated vaccine. It is likely that more than one type of vaccine will be needed to prevent RSV LRI in the various populations at risk. Although vector delivery systems, synthetic peptide, and immune-stimulating complex vaccines have been evaluated in animal models, only the purified F protein (PFP) subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in recent clinical trials. PFP-2 appears to be a promising vaccine for the elderly and for RSV-seropositive children with underlying pulmonary disease, whereas live cold-passaged (cp), temperature-sensitive (ts) RSV vaccines (denoted cpts vaccines) would most probably be useful in young infants. The availability of cDNA technology should allow further refinement of existing live attenuated cpts candidate vaccines to produce engineered vaccines that are satisfactorily attenuated, immunogenic, and phenotypically stable.

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