The Noetic Experience and Belief Scale: A validation and reliability study

Background: Belief in the paranormal is widespread worldwide. Recent surveys suggest that subjective experiences of the paranormal are common. A concise instrument that adequately evaluates beliefs as distinct from experiences does not currently exist. To address this gap, we created the Noetic Experiences and Beliefs Scale (NEBS) which evaluates belief and experience as separate constructs. Methods: The NEBS is a 20-item survey with 10 belief and 10 experience items rated on a visual analog scale from 0-100. In an observational study, the survey was administered to 361 general population adults in the United States and a subsample of 96 one month later. Validity, reliability and internal consistency were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the latent variables of belief and experience. The survey was then administered to a sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants to evaluate divergent validity and confirm belief and experience as latent variables of the model in a different population. Results: The NEBS demonstrated convergent validity, reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha Belief 0.90; Experience 0.93) and test-retest reliability (Belief: r = 0.83; Experience: r = 0.77). A confirmatory factor analysis model with belief and experience as latent variables demonstrated a good fit. The factor model was confirmed as having a good fit and divergent validity was established in the sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants. Conclusions: The NEBS is a short, valid, and reliable instrument for evaluating paranormal belief and experience.

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Measuring extraordinary experiences and beliefs: A validation and reliability study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20409.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1741

Author(s):

Helané Wahbeh ◽

Garret Yount ◽

Cassandra Vieten ◽

Dean Radin ◽

Arnaud Delorme

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

The United States ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Background: Belief in the paranormal is widespread worldwide. Recent surveys suggest that subjective experiences of the paranormal are common. A concise instrument that adequately evaluates beliefs as distinct from experiences does not currently exist. To address this gap, we created the Noetic Experiences and Beliefs Scale (NEBS) which evaluates belief and experience as separate constructs. Methods: The NEBS is a 20-item survey with 10 belief and 10 experience items rated on a visual analog scale from 0-100. In an observational study, the survey was administered to 361 general population adults in the United States and a subsample of 96 one month later. Validity, reliability and internal consistency were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the latent variables of belief and experience. The survey was then administered to a sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants to evaluate divergent validity and confirm belief and experience as latent variables of the model in a different population. Results: The NEBS demonstrated convergent validity, reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha Belief 0.90; Experience 0.93) and test-retest reliability (Belief: r = 0.83; Experience: r = 0.77). A confirmatory factor analysis model with belief and experience as latent variables demonstrated a good fit. The factor model was confirmed as having a good fit and divergent validity was established in the sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants. Conclusions: The NEBS is a short, valid, and reliable instrument for evaluating paranormal belief and experience.

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Psychometrics of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 in African-Americans at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945920922777 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 1148-1154

Author(s):

Lakeshia Cousin ◽

Laura Redwine ◽

Christina Bricker ◽

Kevin Kip ◽

Harleah Buck

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Well Being ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Psychometrics of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, which measures dispositional gratitude, was originally estimated in healthy college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the scales’ factor structure, convergent/divergent validity, and reliability among 298 AA adults at risk for CVD in the community. Analyses were performed using bivariate correlations, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The scale demonstrated acceptable estimates for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.729). Our exploratory factor analysis results yielded a one-factor structure consistent with the original instrument, and the confirmatory factor analysis model was a good fit. Convergent/divergent validity was supported by the association with positive affect (coefficient = 0.482, 95% CI = [0.379, 0.573], spiritual well-being (coefficient = 0.608, 95% CI = [0.519, 0.685], and depressive symptoms (coefficient = −0.378, 95% CI = [−0.475, −0.277]. Findings supported the scale’s reliability and convergent/divergent validity among AAs at risk for CVD.

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Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Correlate of Students Attitude, Self-Belief, Students Engagement in Mathematics Lessons and Mathematics Achievement

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13814 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.29) ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Desi Rahmatina

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Mathematics Achievement ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Mathematics Lesson ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Data Set ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The study aimed to propose the Confirmatory Factor Analysis via four latent variables : 1) Students Attitude toward mathematics, 2) Self-belief in mathematics, 3) Students engagement in mathematics lessons and 4) Mathematics Achievement and 19 observed variables and then we conduct to the correlations between latent variables and observed variables. The subjects were 5795 eight grades students from the result of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 assessment conducted in Indonesia. Data Analysis were undertaken using the Lisrel software to examine the effect of students attitude toward mathematics, students self belief and students engagement in mathematics lesson for mathematics achievement. The proposed Confirmatory Factor Analysis model of the latent variables and observed variables fit well with the empirical data set (RMSEA = 0,071). The results of multivariate analyses has shown a strong negative relationship between student attitude toward mathematics, self-belief in mathematics and their mathematics achievement (t value = -6.32 and t = -6.10, respectively) and a strong positive relationship between students engagement in mathematics lesson with mathematics achievement (t value = 8,28).

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Psychometric Evaluation of the Child Sensory Profile 2 (CSP2) Among Children with Dyslexia

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.112573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mahnaz Estaki ◽

Ameneh Dehghan ◽

Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽

Navid Mirzakhany

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Sensory Processing ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Standardized Test ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Background: Sensory integration is a necessary skill for acquiring reading skills because it strongly depends on the rapid and strong relation between written and verbal symbols. There is no standardized test for Iranian children with dyslexia to investigate their sensory processing problems. Therefore, understanding the validity and reliability of the child sensory profile 2 (CSP2) would be essential for a detailed assessment of sensory impairments in dyslexic children. Objectives: The current research aimed to establish the internal consistency, factor analysis, and convergent validity of the Persian version of CSP2 in children with dyslexia. Methods: The sample of this study included 200 dyslexic children aged 6 to 12 years who were referred to learning disabilities centers in Qom from September 2019 to February 2020 by using the multistage sampling method. To collect data, the CSP2 questionnaire and the dyslexia test (NEMA) were used. The factor structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency of the CSP2 was examined by using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between CSP2 and NEMA. Results: Internal consistency was obtained as 0.89, 0.92, 0.77, and 0.94 for the four subscales of sensory processing, namely registration, seeking, sensitivity, and avoiding, respectively. The result of confirmatory factor analysis gained support for Dunn's four-factor model. Total scores of NEMA were correlated with the scores of CSP2 subscales (seeking, avoiding, sensitivity, and registration). Conclusions: The Persian version of the Child Sensory Profile 2 is a valid (via confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity) and reliable (via internal consistency) tool for assessing sensory processing in children with dyslexia.

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Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anne Vinggaard Christensen ◽

Jane K. Dixon ◽

Knud Juel ◽

Ola Ekholm ◽

Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease. Methods The DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results A total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items. Conclusions The present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.

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Corporate Marketing Strategy Model (Case Study in Indonesian Insurance Company)

Advanced Science Letters ◽

10.1166/asl.2015.5933 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 913-917

Author(s):

Cecep Hidayat ◽

Iskandar Putong ◽

Idi Setyo Utomo

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Marketing Strategy ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Insurance Company ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Model Case ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Corporate Marketing ◽

Confirmatory Factor

This study aims to develop a model of corporate marketing strategy using six indicators of Arthur D Little which uses the company’ financial statements in the insurance field listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The number of samples used is equal to the number of population, such as nine companies that are still active in doing trading and reporting the financial statement periodically and published at stock exchange website. By using the interpretation, there are six indicators found as the Corporate Marketing Strategy. The result is standardized using the Zcore methods which are tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis model. The given result is modeled by using Principal Component Analysis-Exploratory Factor Analysis, and retested by using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Therefore, given the result that it is initially come up as a Corporate Marketing Strategy that consists of six indicators variable with two variables factors, such as Effectiveness Strategy (product, management and system, technology, and operation strategy) and Efficiency Strategy factors (market and retrenchment strategy).

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The validity and reliability of a problem-based learning implementation questionnaire

Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions ◽

10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.22 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Bhina Patria

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Medical School ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Loading Estimates

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide evidence for the validity and reliability of a questionnaire for assessing the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL). This questionnaire was developed to assess the quality of PBL implementation from the perspective of medical school graduates. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The analysis was based on a survey of 225 graduates of a problem-based medical school in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that the confirmatory factor analysis model had a good fit to the data. Further, the values of the standardized loading estimates, the squared inter-construct correlations, the average variances extracted, and the composite reliabilities all provided evidence of construct validity. Conclusion: The PBL implementation questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable, making it suitable for evaluation purposes.

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model of Solid Waste in Small Island Makassar City

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/0976-5506.2019.00248.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1166

Author(s):

Makmur Selomo ◽

Anwar Mallongi ◽

Agus Bintara Birawida ◽

Muhammad Arsyad ◽

Tasrum

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Small Island ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Factor Analysis Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model ◽

Confirmatory Factor

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A Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised for Nurses

Nursing Ethics ◽

10.1177/0969733017742962 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1199-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Vida Shafipour ◽

Kelly-Ann Allen ◽

Mohammad Reza Heidari ◽

Jamshid Yazdani-Charati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Moral Distress ◽

Second Order ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽

Distress Scale

Background: Moral distress is a growing problem for healthcare professionals that may lead to dissatisfaction, resignation, or occupational burnout if left unattended, and nurses experience different levels of this phenomenon. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the factor structure of the Persian version of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised in intensive care and general nurses. Research design: This methodological research was conducted with 771 nurses from eight hospitals in the Mazandaran Province of Iran in 2017. Participants completed the Moral Distress Scale–Revised, data collected, and factor structure assessed using the construct, convergent, and divergent validity methods. The reliability of the scale was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, Theta, and McDonald’s omega coefficients) and construct reliability. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The exploratory factor analysis ( N = 380) showed that the Moral Distress Scale–Revised has five factors: lack of professional competence at work, ignoring ethical issues and patient conditions, futile care, carrying out the physician’s orders without question and unsafe care, and providing care under personal and organizational pressures, which explained 56.62% of the overall variance. The confirmatory factor analysis ( N = 391) supported the five-factor solution and the second-order latent factor model. The first-order model did not show a favorable convergent and divergent validity. Ultimately, the Moral Distress Scale–Revised was found to have a favorable internal consistency and construct reliability. Discussion and conclusion: The Moral Distress Scale–Revised was found to be a multidimensional construct. The data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of the factor structure model with a latent second-order variable. Since the convergent and divergent validity of the scale were not confirmed in this study, further assessment is necessary in future studies.

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