scholarly journals Crop production under nitrogen starvation conditions: relationships with applied organic matter and soil microbial biomass

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Uchada Sukchan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Starvation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Background: The application of organic matter with a high C/N ratio is effective for the prevention of soil degradation, although this can cause nitrogen starvation. However, some fields are highly productive under nitrogen-starvation conditions. The underlying mechanisms for this are unclear but the correlation between soil microbial biomass (SMB) and crop yield suggests that nitrogen flows from SMB to crops. We aimed to clarify this flow and the source of nitrogen. Methods: We achieved nitrogen starvation conditions by applying waste mushroom bed and repeated lettuce cropping with different crop management practices, such as watering and fertilizer application. We analyzed correlations among crop yield, SMB, and total soil nitrogen. Results: The order of the lettuce yield stably corresponded with the management practice used. The SMB increased remarkably by the time of the second lettuce cropping and showed a strong correlation with crop yield. The nitrogen from the waste mushroom bed was lost by denitrification within the crop season. The rate of decomposition showed no correlation with yield or SMB. Discussions: The crop yield corresponded with the management practice earlier than SMB. Namely, no nitrogen flow from SMB to crop. Furthermore, most applied nitrogen was denitrified and the rate of decomposition (amount of released nitrogen) not affected yield or SMB, so the nitrogen flows of applied organic matter, SMB, and crops are independent. Therefore, the nitrogen source of both SMB and crops is biological fixation. Conclusions: The correlation between SMB and crop yield is not a causal relationship. The nitrogen source for both is biological nitrogen fixation. The application of organic matter enhances this by occurring nitrogen starvation but not providing a nitrogen source.

scholarly journals Crop production under nitrogen starvation conditions: relationships with applied organic matter and soil microbial biomass

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Uchada Sukchan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Starvation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Background: The application of organic matter with a high C/N ratio is effective for the prevention of soil degradation, although this can cause nitrogen starvation. However, some fields are highly productive under nitrogen-starvation conditions. The underlying mechanisms for this are unclear but the correlation between soil microbial biomass (SMB) and crop yield suggests that nitrogen flows from SMB to crops. We aimed to clarify this flow and the source of nitrogen. Methods: We achieved nitrogen starvation conditions by applying waste mushroom bed and repeated lettuce cropping with different crop management practices, such as watering and fertilizer application. We analyzed correlations among crop yield, SMB, and total nitrogen. Results: The order of the lettuce yield stably corresponded with the management practice used. The SMB increased remarkably by the time of the second lettuce cropping and showed a strong correlation with crop yield. The nitrogen from the waste mushroom bed was lost by denitrification. The rate of decomposition showed no correlation with yield or SMB. Conclusions/Discussions: The crop yield corresponded with the management practice earlier than SMB. Namely, no nitrogen flow from SMB affected the crops. Furthermore, most applied nitrogen was denitrified, so the nitrogen flows of applied organic matter, SMB, and crops are independent. Therefore, the nitrogen source of both SMB and crops is biological fixation. The correlation between SMB and crop yield is not a causal relationship. The nitrogen source for both is nitrogen fixation. The application of organic matter enhances this by occurring nitrogen starvation but not providing a nitrogen source.

Soil microbial biomass—Interpretation and consideration for soil monitoring

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gonzalez-Quiñones ◽  
E. A. Stockdale ◽  
N. C. Banning ◽  
F. C. Hoyle ◽  
Y. Sawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Quality Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Since 1970, measurement of the soil microbial biomass (SMB) has been widely adopted as a relatively simple means of assessing the impact of environmental and anthropogenic change on soil microorganisms. The SMB is living and dynamic, and its activity is responsible for the regulation of organic matter transformations and associated energy and nutrient cycling in soil. At a gross level, an increase in SMB is considered beneficial, while a decline in SMB may be considered detrimental if this leads to a decline in biological function. However, absolute SMB values are more difficult to interpret. Target or reference values of SMB are needed for soil quality assessments and to allow ameliorative action to be taken at an appropriate time. However, critical values have not yet been successfully identified for SMB. This paper provides a conceptual framework which outlines how SMB values could be interpreted and measured, with examples provided within an Australian context.

scholarly journals Effect of the amount of organic trigger compounds, nitrogen and soil microbial biomass on the magnitude of priming of soil organic matter

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0216730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Paolo Di Lonardo ◽  
Wietse de Boer ◽  
Hans Zweers ◽  
Annemieke van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Carbon

The soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon ratio is a useful measure to monitor soil organic matter and serves as a sensitive index than soil organic carbon alone. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing balance between microbial carbon and organic carbon of the soil. To meet the aforementioned objective, a field study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 following the Walkley-Black, Chromic acid wet oxidation method, and chloroform fumigation method for analysis of microbial carbon and organic carbon respectively. The study showed that the heavily grazed plot had significantly less value of ratio than occasionally grazed and ungrazed plots. The ratio was significantly high on legume seeding plot compared to nonlegume plot, but the ratio was independent of soil depth. Soil microbial biomass appeared to be more responsive than soil organic matter.

The mineralisation of fresh and humified soil organic matter by the soil microbial biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Brookes ◽  
M.L. Cayuela ◽  
M. Contin ◽  
M. De Nobili ◽  
S.J. Kemmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial
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