Serotypic distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Chinese children under 5 years after the introduction of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine: protocol for a scoping review

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) be included in immunization programs worldwide. In China, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PREVNAR 7®) was authorized in 2008 but was not included in the national immunization programs. In 2016, PREVNAR 13®, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), was licensed for optional use in China. We will conduct a scoping review of the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged under 5 years in China since the introduction of PCV13. We will obtain data from PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Med Online. We will also review epidemiological data from WHO and the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET). Our analysis will include the condition of interest, the intervention, and the geographical region. All types of studies will be eligible for inclusion in the study database if they meet the inclusion criteria. This scoping review is intended to outline how S. pneumoniae serotypes are distributed, and it will map their antimicrobial resistance in children aged under 5 years in China. The results of this study will provide useful information on the impact of PCV13 in China.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes 9 and 14 Circulating in Brazil over a 23-Year Period Prior to Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Role of International Clones in the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance and Description of a Novel Genotype

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00673-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 6664-6672 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tatiana C. A. Pinto ◽

Fabíola C. O. Kegele ◽

Cícero A. G. Dias ◽

Rosana R. Barros ◽

José M. Peralta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽

Beta Lactams ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

The 1960S

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal strains have been detected worldwide since the 1960s. In Brazil, the first penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci (PNSP) were reported in the 1980s, and their emergence and dissemination have been mainly attributed to serogroup 9 and serotype 14 strains, especially those highly related to recognized international clones. In the present study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing were performed on 315 pneumococcal isolates belonging to serogroup 9 (n= 99) or serotype 14 (n= 216), recovered from patients or asymptomatic carriers between 1988 and 2011 in Brazil, in order to trace changes in antimicrobial resistance and genotypes prior to the full introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the country. Over the 23-year study period, the PNSP levels increased, and four clonal complexes (CC156, CC66, CC15, and CC5401) have played important roles in the evolution and dissemination of pneumococcal isolates belonging to serogroup 9 and serotype 14, as well as in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, in the pre-pneumococcal-vaccination era. The earliest PNSP strains detected in this study belonged to serotype 9N/ST66 and were single locus variants of the international clone Tennessee14-18 ST67 (CC66). The first serotype 14 PNSP isolates were identified in 1990 and were related to the England14-9 ST9 (CC15) clone. Serotype 14 PNSP variants of the Spain9V-3 ST156 clone with elevated penicillin MICs and nonsusceptibility to other beta-lactams were detected in 1995 and showed an increasing trend over the years. The results also indicated that introduction of ST156 in our region was preceded by the emergence of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance and by the dissemination of ST162. In addition to the presence of successful international clones, a novel regional serotype 14 genotype (CC5401) has emerged in 1996.

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THE IMPACT OF TEN-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE (PCV10) ON STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE RATE: PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ISOLATES FROM ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

10.26226/morressier.5731f0d2d462b802923802c8 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Wondewosen Tsegaye SIME

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

The Impact ◽

Phenotypic And Genetic Diversity

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Impact of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Dallas, TX, Children From 1999 Through 2005

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0b013e31805cdbeb ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 461-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

Allison F. Messina ◽

Kathy Katz-Gaynor ◽

Theresa Barton ◽

Naveed Ahmad ◽

Faryal Ghaffar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Serotype Distribution

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Impact of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Bacterial Meningitis in Madagascar

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S121-S125

Author(s):

Emilson Jean P R Andriatahirintsoa ◽

Julia Liliane Raboba ◽

Vonintsoa Lalaina Rahajamanana ◽

Ando Lalaina Rakotozanany ◽

Mengouom M Nimpa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Meningitis ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽

World Health ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Sentinel Site ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Madagascar in 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PCV10 on bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children <5 years of age. Methods During 2010–2017, data from the hospital admission logbook were recorded for bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations in children <5 years of age. Between April 2011 and December 2017, 3312 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from children who fulfilled the World Health Organization case definition of suspected bacterial meningitis were analyzed at the sentinel site laboratory (SSL) by microscopy, culture, and antigen detection tests. A total of 2065 CSF samples were referred to the regional reference laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. 2010–2011 was defined as the prevaccine period, 2012 as vaccine introduction year, and 2013–2017 the postvaccine period. The number of cases, causative agent, and pneumonia hospitalizations were compared before and after PCV10 introduction. Results In the prevaccine period, bacterial meningitis and pneumonia hospitalizations accounted for 4.5% and 24.5% of all hospitalizations while there were 2.6% and 19%, respectively, in the postvaccine period (P < .001). In samples tested at the SSL, 154 were positive with 80% Streptococcus pneumoniae and 20% other bacteria. Pneumococcal meningitis diagnosed by RT-PCR declined from 14% in 2012 to 3% in 2017. Also, 14% of children with pneumococcal meningitis died. Conclusions Following PCV10 introduction, pneumococcal meningitis, bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia hospitalizations declined. Surveillance should continue to monitor the impact of PCV10.

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Commentary on paradoxical observations pertaining to the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on serotype 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (37) ◽

pp. 5495-5496 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Philippe De Wals

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

The Impact

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Serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 2010

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w2012-073 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1008-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Walter H.B. Demczuk ◽

Irene Martin ◽

Averil Griffith ◽

Brigitte Lefebvre ◽

Allison McGeer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Age Groups ◽

Serotype Distribution ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Central Canada ◽

Implementation Period ◽

Epidemiological Trends ◽

The Impact

A baseline serotype distribution was established by age and region for 2058 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected during the implementation period of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in many parts of Canada in 2010. Serotypes 19A, 7F, and 3 were the most prevalent in all age groups, accounting for 57% in <2 year olds, 62% in 2–4 year olds, 45% in 5–14 year olds, 44% in 15–49 year olds, 41% in 50–64 year olds, and 36% in ≥65 year olds. Serotype 19A was most predominant in Western and Central Canada representing 15% and 22%, respectively, of the isolates from those regions, whereas 7F was most common in Eastern Canada with 20% of the isolates. Other prevalent serotypes include 15A, 23B, 12F, 22F, and 6C. PCV13 serotypes represented 65% of the pneumococci isolated from <2 year olds, 71% of 2–4 year olds, 61% of 5–14 year olds, 60% of 15–49 year olds, 53% of 50–64 year olds, and 49% of the ≥65 year olds. Continued monitoring of invasive pneumococcal serotypes in Canada is important to identify epidemiological trends and assess the impact of the newly introduced PCV13 vaccine on public health.

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