scholarly journals Caudal osteology and its application to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship in the genus Garra

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Sevil Sungur ◽  
Soheil Eagderi ◽  
Pariya Jalili ◽  
Erdogan Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Caudal Skeleton ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Among cyprinid family, little information is available about the phylogenetic relationships of the members of genus Garra in Iran. The structure of caudal skeleton as a valuable source in taxonomic studies of fishes can help to determine their systematic position. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the osteological features of caudal fin skeleton and reconstructing phylogenetic tree of the Iranian members of genus Garra. For this purpose, five specimens of every selected (except Iran blind carp with two specimens from each morphotype) taxon were cleared and stained to examine the osteological characteristics of their caudal fin skeleton. Also, Kura barbel (Barbus cyri) and Barzam (Capoeta trutta) were designed as outgroup. The results showed that members of Garra constitute a monophyletic group. The results revealed that the caudal skeleton features cannot discriminate the members of genus Garra at the level of species because of small number of extractable characters and their states.

Phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca (Coniandreae, Cucurbitaceae), two genera of the dry lands of North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
Talitha Legaspi ◽  
Patricia Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Priority Rule ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

We examine the limits and phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca belonging to tribe Coniandreae in the Cucurbitaceae. These taxa are found in xeric areas from southern United States to Guatemala. There has been no previous phylogenetic studies considering all their taxa together, just partially. Furthermore, we include as well species of Dieterlea, another similar and sympatric genus which recognition is under debate, formerly considered as a synonym of Ibervillea. Using molecular and morphological characters we performed molecular and total evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Our results confirm that species in Ibervillea and Dieterlea are part of a monophyletic group, supporting the integration of both genera as proposed in previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. By examining all the species of the three genera, our results are the first to suggest that Tumamoca is also part of this monophyletic group. Therefore we propose that the species of Ibervillea, Dieterlea, and one species of Tumamoca should be included into the same genus. According to the priority rule, Ibervillea is the name to be used. Tumamoca macdougalli needs to be transferred to Ibervillea and the combination is made here. We suggest that the second species in Tumamoca, T. mucronata, known by a single specimen that is lost, does not deserve recognition.

Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Sokolov ◽  
Dmitry M. Atopkin ◽  
Misako Urabe ◽  
Ilya I. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractIn the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.

Phylogeny of Palaearctic Pharyngodonidae parasite species of Testudinidae: a morphological approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Bouamer ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Species Descriptions

The phylogenetic relationships of 23 oxyurid species from five genera (21 parasite species of the Palaearctic Testudinidae, 1 parasite species of Uromastix acanthinurus Bell, 1825 from Algeria, and 1 parasite species of Cteno sa ura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834) from Mexico) were investigated using 30 morphological characters obtained from species descriptions. The nonweighted analysis produced one shortest tree. All species of the ingroup form a monophyletic group and the oxyurid species of Testudinidae form a monophyletic group. The type species of the genus Alaeuris Thapar, 1925 is the basal member of the species parasitizing Testudinidae. The analysis confirms the monophyly of the genus Thaparia Ortlepp, 1933, whereas the genera Mehdiella Seurat, 1918 and Tachygonetria Wedl, 1862 are considered paraphyletic groups. The large diversification in the genus Tachygonetria is linked to their position in the host caecum. The ancestral state is in the paramucous and the derived state is in the centre of the caecum. This suggests that recent speciation in the group occurs in the centre of the caecum.

scholarly journals Behaviour of cranes (family Gruidae) mirrors their phylogenetic relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nela Nováková ◽  
Jan Robovský
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Molecular Tree ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The behavioural repertoire of every species evolved over time and its evolution can be traced through the phylogenetic relationships in distinct groups. Cranes (family Gruidae) represent a small, old, monophyletic group with well-corroborated phylogenetic relationships on the species level, and at the same time they exhibit a complex and well-described behavioural repertoire. Methods We therefore investigated the evolution of behavioural traits of cranes in a phylogenetic context using several phylogenetic approaches and two types of trait scoring. The cranes exhibit more than a hundred behavioural displays, almost one third of which may be phylogenetically informative. Results More than half of the analysed traits carry a significant phylogenetic signal. The ancestor of cranes already exhibited a quite complex behavioural repertoire, which remained unchanged in Balearicinae but altered greatly in Gruinae, specifically by the shedding of traits rather than their creation. Trait scoring has an influence on results within the Gruinae, primarily in genera Bugeranus and Anthropoides. Conclusions Albeit the behavioural traits alone cannot be used for resolving species-level relationships within the Gruidae, when optimized on molecular tree, they can help us to detect interesting evolutionary transformations of behaviour repertoire within Gruiformes. The Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) seems to be the most enigmatic species and should be studied in detail for its behavioural repertoire, which may include some precursors of crane behavioural traits.

scholarly journals ЦАХИЛДАГНЫ ТӨРЛИЙН УРГАМЛЫН ФИЛОГЕНЕТИК ХОЛБОО

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Х Алтанзул ◽  
Ю Оюунбилэг
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Relationship Of

The phylogenetic relationship of eight Iris species (I.flavisimma, I.ventricosa, I.bungei,I.kaempferi, I.tenuifolia, I.lactea, I.tigrida, I.dichotoma) were studied by PCR using six specificprimers (S-523, Z1204R, trnL, trnF and ITS1, ITS4). All species except I.ventricosa wereidentified when using S-523, Z1204R and trnL, trnF primers and the DNA fragment size rangedbetween 500 to 600 bp and 800 bp, respectively. Primers ITS1 and ITS4 produced double bandsin about 500 and 1500 bp to I.bungei, I.kaempferi, and I.lactea species. On the phylogenetic tree, some iris species have close relations based on chloroplastic DNA sequences. The closest relationships showed between I.sanguinea and I.sibirica, I.rutenica and I.uniflora. Also I.tenuifolia, I.ventricosa and I.halophila located on one branch of phylogenetic tree.

New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
JULIO C.C. FERNANDEZ ◽  
MARIANELA GASTALDI ◽  
GERMÁN ZAPATA-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
LUIS M. PARDO ◽  
FABIANO L. THOMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Here, we describe four new species of Crellidae Dendy, 1922 and discuss characters and relationships from published molecular phylogenies including crellid sponges. New species proposed are Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov., from southern Chile (15 m depth), C. (P.) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov., from Desventuradas Archipelago (10–20 m depth), Crella (P.) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov., from deep waters off Argentina (750 m depth) and Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov., from the Chilean fjords region (ca. 20 m depth). These new species are set apart from each other and from known species mainly due to aspects of their spiculation. Chelae microscleres and acanthostyles supply characters that might be used to infer phylogenetic relationships and to verify the monophyly of Crella Gray, 1867 and Crellidae, which has seemingly been contradicted by preliminary molecular data available in the systematics’ literature. Our own interpretation of phylogenetic affinities, in the light of morphological characters from previous taxonomic studies, argues for a classification reassessment of materials (vouchers) included in these molecular phylogenies, especially in the case of Crella incrustans (Carter, 1885). We argue that currently available molecular phylogenetic outcomes for crellid sponges are not supportive of the polyphyly of Crella and Crellidae.  

Phylogenetic relationships of the African genera Alestes and Brycinus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Alestidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray ◽  
Kathlyn M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family Alestidae (also referred to as the African Characidae) comprises the African dwarf forms ("Petersiini") and the genera Alestes, Brycinus, Bryconaethiops, and Hydrocynus. Although several authors have presented characters to support the monophyly of the family, a cladistic analysis of the group has not been published. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the constituent groups are the subject of some controversy. A cladistic analysis of the Alestidae is presented, including characters to support the monophyly of the family. The results of this study indicate that several species should be removed from the genus Brycinus, that Hydrocynus is the sister group of Alestes s.str. (containing only five species), and that the dwarf alestids ("Petersiini") do not form a monophyletic group.

Molecular data allow to elucidate the taxonomic placement of some Umbelliferae from Middle Asia and Afghanistan (Pinacantha, Ladyginia, Peucedanum mogoltavicum)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 350 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
GALINA V. DEGTJAREVA ◽  
MICHAEL G. PIMENOV ◽  
TAHIR H. SAMIGULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The systematic position of three Apiaceae-Apioideae taxa, Pinacantha porandica, Ladyginia bucharica and Peucedanum mogoltavicum, from Middle Asia and Afghanistan, is clarified based on nrITS DNA sequence data. In the molecular phylogenetic tree, the monotypic Pinacantha is placed in unresolved position within the Ferulinae. Although there is no morphological information on essential characters, we propose a new position of Pinacantha porandica within the genus Ferula. As a result a new combination Ferula porandica is proposed, with a new section Pinacantha to accommodate it. The attribution of Peucedanum mogoltavicum to Ferula has been confirmed, its correct name being Ferula lithophila. The genus Ladyginia should not be included in Ferula, its closest relatives being Mozaffariania and Glaucosciadium from the Glaucosciadium Clade.

A systematic revision of Japanese Trichadenotecnum Enderlein (Psocodea:'Psocoptera':Psocidae:Ptyctini), with redefinition and subdivision of the genus

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Medium Group

The genus Trichadenotecnum Enderlein, 1909 is redefined as a monophyletic group. The following 22 Japanese species are treated and classified into five species-groups except one species not placed in a group: sexpunctatum-group – T. album, sp. nov., T. incognitum Roesler, 1939; medium-group – T. takahashii, sp. nov., T. mixtum, sp. nov., T. magnomixtum, sp. nov., T. amamiense, sp. nov., T. okinawense, sp. nov., T. yonaguniense, sp. nov., T. kumejimense, sp. nov., T. latebrachium, sp. nov., T. pseudomedium, sp. nov., T. yaeyamense, sp. nov.; alexanderae-group – T. alexanderae Sommerman, 1948, T. castum Betz, 1983, T. sexpunctellum (Enderlein, 1907); majus-group – T. yamatomajus, sp. nov., T. nothoapertum, sp. nov.; spiniserrulum-group – T. falx, sp. nov., T. furcalingum, sp. nov., T. pardidum Thornton, 1961, T. circularoides Badonnel, 1955; incertae sedis – T. fuscipennis, sp. nov. The monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of these species-groups are discussed. A key to Japanese species of Trichadenotecnum is given.

scholarly journals The jacoona assemblage of the genus Dundubia Amyot & Serville (Homoptera: Cicadidae): a taxonomic study of its species and a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-184
Author(s):  
Paul L.Th. Beuk
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
China And India ◽  
Eleven Species

The species of Orientopsaltria with unicolorous opercula and three related species of Platylomia are transferred to the genus Dundubia and allocated in the ‘Dundubia jacoona assemblage’ pending further investigation. The assemblage comprises eleven species in total; all are found in the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago, Indo-China, and the adjoining parts of China and India. The four species which were until now placed in Orientopsaltria are D. feae (Distant, 1892), D. jacoona (Distant, 1888), D. nigripes (Moulton, 1923), and D. oopaga (Distant, 1881). The three species transferred from Platylomia are D. hainanensis (Distant, 1901), D. nagarasingna Distant, 1881, and D. spiculata Noualhier, 1896. These seven species are all redescribed. Four species are described as new: D. ayutthaya, D. laterocurvata, D. myitkyinensis and D. sinbyudaw. Seven species are synonymized: O. andersoni (Distant, 1883) with D. oopaga, D. bifasciata Liu, 1940 with D. hainanensis, O. hastata (Moulton, 1923) and D. siamensis Haupt, 1918 with D. spiculata, O. fratercula (Distant, 1912) and D. helena Distant, 1912 with D. nagarasingna, and D. longina Distant, 1917 with D. feae. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Cosmopsaltria andersoni, C.feae, C. fratercula, C. hastata, C. nagarasingna, C. nigripes, C. oopaga, D. helena, D. longina, and D. spiculata. A key to the males is presented and the distributions of the species are discussed. The relationships of the D. jacoona assemblage with Dundubia, Platylomia, and the remaining species of Orientopsaltria are discussed. The species of the D. jacoona assemblage most likely do not form a monophyletic group on their own but rather with Dundubia s. str.

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