رفع كفاءة الطاقة في قطاع السكن من أجل استدامة الطاقة وحماية البيئة في الجزائر = Raising Energy Efficiency in the Housing Sector for Energy Sustainability and Environmental Protection in Algeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 452-468
Author(s):  
عميرات ، ليندة
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Energy Sustainability

2 The Energy Charter Treaty: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hobér Kaj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Multilateral Treaty

This chapter provides an overview of the Energy Charter Treaty. Developed on the basis of the European Energy Charter of 1991, the Energy Charter Treaty is a multilateral treaty dealing with inter-governmental co-operation in the energy sector. It covers five broad areas in the energy sector: trade; investment protection; transit; environmental protection and energy efficiency; and settlement of disputes. The trade provisions of the Treaty were designed to import fundamental GATT principles, such as non-discrimination, national treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment, and transparency. The provisions on investment protection are found in Part III of the Treaty. In particular, Article 13 in Part III deals with expropriation, while Article 10 deals with various standards of treatment of foreign investments. The rules for facilitating transit of energy through the participating States are laid down in Article 7. The transit regime is based on freedom of transit and the principle of non-discrimination. Meanwhile, Article 19 of the ECT sets forth a number of ‘best efforts’ obligations of the Contracting Parties with respect to environmental protection and energy efficiency. Lastly, the ECT includes two binding dispute settlement mechanisms: investor-State arbitration for investment disputes (Article 26) and state-to-state arbitration for basically all disputes that may arise under the ECT (Article 27), with the exception for disputes concerning competition (Article 6(7)) and environment (Article 27(2)). The chapter then looks at the Energy Charter Conference, an inter-governmental organization established by the ECT and the governing and decision-making body for the Energy Charter Process.

Assessing Energy Efficiency of High Pressure Regenerative Feedwater Heaters in a Heating Unit of a Cogeneration Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Pojawa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Long Time

Broadly understood technological progress, growth of the world's population and striving of individual countries for economic growth cause increased demand for energy. That energy is mainly obtained conventionally, from mineral fuels [16]. Limited fuel resources and high demand for fuels, which accompanies the increased demand for energy, result in continuous growth of fuel prices and, what it involves, the price of energy [6,16]. Another effect of the increased production of energy results is also the increased emission of combustion products which are harmful for the natural environment, mainly CO2 and NOx [6,9,10,]. Because of the above-mentioned factors, the importance of the assessment of energy efficiency, at the stage of energy production, distribution and end use as well as the problem of environmental protection gain more and more importance [4,5,15]. The idea of energy efficiency lies not only in energy conservation but also in finding ways for the present activities of producers and consumers to require reduced demand for primary energy expressed in tonnes of oil equivalent [3,7,13,14,17,19,21]. Energy companies must therefore respect a number of legal regulations concerning energy efficiency and environmental protection [3,4,5,15]. An energy company such as a cogeneration plant may achieve an improvement of energy efficiency mainly as a result of energy cogeneration itself but also as a result of improving the efficiency of internal processes (energy transformations) in the producing unit (in this case heating unit). Ensuring the maximum possible energy efficiency of the internal processes within the heating unit requires performing constant assessment of the entire unit and its components [7,11,12,13]. Even though energy cogeneration has been in use for a long time now [7,12,21], the problem of conducting a running energy efficiency assessment of the components of the heating unit still remains open [12].

Triple Bottom Line Accounting and Energy-Efficiency Retrofits in the Social-Housing Sector: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Bewley ◽  
Thomas Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Triple Bottom Line ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACT This paper reports the findings of a case study conducted to learn about the information, actors, actions, and processes involved in energy-efficiency investment decisions in the social-housing sector. These decisions draw on environmental, social, and economic factors, which are studied from a “triple bottom line” (TBL) accounting perspective. The quantitative methods we use rely on Levels I, II, and III fair-value measures similar to those used in financial accounting. The qualitative methods rely primarily on interviews conducted and transcribed by the researchers. Our main findings show that a pure financial bottom-line approach would not fully indicate the overall desirability of the type of energy-efficiency investment undertaken in this case. By factoring in other quantitative and qualitative outcomes drawn from the research methods applied, a different conclusion may be reached. Data Availability: Available upon request from the authors.

scholarly journals Institution of public welfare: investments within historic settlements and the life cycle of the urban environment

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 751-769
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bakhareva ◽  
Liliya I. Azhimova ◽  
Alberto Celani ◽  
Nicolai S. Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Adjacent Territory ◽  
The City

Introduction. The transformation of the economic space of the regions based on digitalization and the use of intelligent technologies in the housing sector gives rise to aesthetic technical problems. When implementing spontaneous investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of the old housing stock of cities, including historical and cultural monuments, as well as buildings that form historical buildings, technical and aesthetic consequences arise. The aim of the article is to study the implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of regional significance in the city of Kazan. Materials and methods. Full-scale inspection, photographic recording of the results of implemented investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential buildings of the housing stock on the adjacent territory of the border of the historical settlement of the city of Kazan. Results. As a result, a classification was drawn up of the types of interventions of the operating company, which significantly change the historical facades, change the single architectural and historical appearance of the street ensemble and generate negative externalities. Taking into account the prospects for growth in demand in the market for improving the energy efficiency of buildings of old housing stock, in order to maximize public welfare, it is proposed to consider the mechanism of state intervention to protect the architectural and historical environment of the city as a patronized good on the basis of state policy to create favorable conditions for the introduction of innovations in the housing sector in the form of institute of public guardianship. Conclusions. The institute of public guardianship will allow to preserve the artistic architectural ensembles of the city throughout the life cycle, to fight against parasitic architecture, to obtain an economic effect: to ensure low energy consumption in residential buildings of the old housing stock of cities, an increase in the value of real estate and the profitability of investment projects for the restoration, reconstruction and reconstruction of buildings in the historical part cities.

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