On the Role of Group Size in Tournaments: Theory and Evidence from Laboratory and Field Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 4359-4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. List ◽  
Daan van Soest ◽  
Jan Stoop ◽  
Haiwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Field Experiments

We explore how individual equilibrium effort in tournaments varies with the number of contestants. The probability of winning a tournament depends on both effort and luck, and we show that the distribution of the luck component is critical in determining individual equilibrium effort. Our theory predicts that equilibrium effort is an increasing (decreasing) function of the number of contestants if there is considerable (little) mass on favorable draws. We test our theory using both laboratory and field experiments, and find substantial support for our theory in both settings. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, behavioral economics.

scholarly journals On the Role of Group Size in Tournaments: Theory and Evidence from Lab and Field Experiments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John List ◽  
Daan Van Soest ◽  
Jan Stoop ◽  
Haiwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Field Experiments

scholarly journals Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ghoshal ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.

scholarly journals Agroecological aspects of application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in overcoming herbicidal stress in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Maxim. D. Timergalin ◽  
Arina V. Feoktistova ◽  
Timur V. Rameev ◽  
Gaisar G. Khudaygulov ◽  
Sergei N. Starikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Stress Application ◽  
Positive Effect

This article submits results of laboratory and field experiments on the effect of an auxin-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in comparison with Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 on wheat plants in conjunction with the “Chistalan” herbicide treatment. Our work shows the positive effect of bacterial treatments on plant growth, the relative water content in leaves and the role of bacteria in the redistribution of ABA and IAA in wheat shoots under conditions of herbicidal stress. Application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 together with the herbicide in the field of the steppe zone led to an increase in yield by 20% relative to the control variant. This bacterial strain helps to overcome herbicidal stress and is a promising agent for improving the technology of using synthetic auxins herbicides.

The Life Cycle Model of Cyber-economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Srinivas Nowduri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Business World ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Financial Metrics

The exponential increase in modern technological advancements within the business world, is impacting every national economy from different directions/perspectives. This research work focuses on main issues behind cyber economics along with cyber-economic values; based on cyber events and their associated financial damages. It also made a comparative study between cyber and financial metrics, based on a professional look at cybersecurity in modern digital firms. Then it emphasizes on the role of applied and behavioral economics, in digital forms. Finally propose a model for cyber economic growth vital for modern digital firms

Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline N. Lanei ◽  
Misha Teplitskiy ◽  
Gary Gray ◽  
Hardeep Ranu ◽  
Michael Menietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Research University ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation and selection of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet there are persistent concerns about bias, such as conservatism. This paper investigates the role that the format of evaluation, specifically information sharing among expert evaluators, plays in generating conservative decisions. We executed two field experiments in two separate grant-funding opportunities at a leading research university, mobilizing 369 evaluators from seven universities to evaluate 97 projects, resulting in 761 proposal-evaluation pairs and more than $250,000 in awards. We exogenously varied the relative valence (positive and negative) of others’ scores and measured how exposures to higher and lower scores affect the focal evaluator’s propensity to change their initial score. We found causal evidence of a negativity bias, where evaluators lower their scores by more points after seeing scores more critical than their own rather than raise them after seeing more favorable scores. Qualitative coding of the evaluators’ justifications for score changes reveals that exposures to lower scores were associated with greater attention to uncovering weaknesses, whereas exposures to neutral or higher scores were associated with increased emphasis on nonevaluation criteria, such as confidence in one’s judgment. The greater power of negative information suggests that information sharing among expert evaluators can lead to more conservative allocation decisions that favor protecting against failure rather than maximizing success. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.

Trust or Control? The Role of Group Size in Governing Small‐scale Irrigation Facilities*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Miao ◽  
Xueqin Zhu ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Zengwei Xu ◽  
Qian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

scholarly journals The Role of Host Traits, Season and Group Size on Parasite Burdens in a Cooperative Mammal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e27003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermien Viljoen ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett ◽  
Edward A. Ueckermann ◽  
Heike Lutermann
Keyword(s):  
Group Size

Interspecific Communication Between Ants

Behaviour ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna I. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Interspecific Communication ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Model Pair

AbstractWith the help of field experiments, the nonantagonistic relations and exchange of information among ants of various species occupying similar ecological niches were studied. Formica pratensis and F. cunicularia glauca, respectively dominant and subdominant in their associations, were chosen as the model pair. The dominant has a defended territory with a clearly defined secondary division. The feeding territory of the subdominant is organized to the type of individual foraging. The use of labyrinths with bait hidden in them showed that the subdominants are more enterprising foragers; when interacting with the dominant they play the role of scouts. The amount of prey of F. pratensis is so dependent on the presence of F. cunicularia that when the nests of this species are isolated, the F. pratensis bring three times less prey. The basis for the interaction of the foragers of different species is interspecific kinopsis and distant training.

Exploring the role of gender in common-pool resource extraction: evidence from laboratory and field experiments in fisheries

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Revollo-Fernández ◽  
Alonso Aguilar-Ibarra ◽  
Fiorenza Micheli ◽  
Andrea Sáenz-Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Common Pool
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document