Elevated Blood Lead Concentrations and Vitamin D Deficiency in Winter and Summer in Young Urban Children

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient deficiency in children worldwide, even in Bangladesh. However, to date, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children of different region of Bangladesh is less reported. Objective: This study was conducted to assess vitamin D status of urban and rural Bangladeshi children including the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency are also evaluated. Methods: A multi-centre (urban and rural based), cross sectional study was done from July 2016 to June 2017, using serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 as a marker of nutritional vitamin D status. Urban and rural children were taken from Paediatric Outpatient Department, United Hospital Limited. Dhaka and Medical Outpatient Department, Upazila Health Complex, Ghatail, Tangail respectively. Children of 1-10 years age attending OPD with mild undernutrition (<–1 SD z score) and/or clinical features suggestive of vitamin D deficiency were included in the study. Results: A total 150 children were studied with 102 (68.0%) urban and 48 (32.0%) rural children. Hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <30ng/ml) was found in 75.0% of children. Hypovitaminosis D was found significantly more in urban children (81.0%) compared to rural (62.0%) children (OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.177-0.822, p value <0.05). Inadequate exposure to sunlight was significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D compared to adequate sun exposure and it was about 2.5 times higher (OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.139-5.380, p value <0.05). No significant associations of vitamin D deficiency were detected with skin color of children, covering clothes of mother, exclusive breast feeding, limb pain and anthropometric status. Children of higher educated mother (above Secondary School Certificate) (OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.189-0.900) were more associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent among Bangladeshi children, urban children being more vulnerable to VDD. Adoption of a screening programme for children of all age group and implementation of preventive strategies for VDD through public health policies are strongly recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 134-141

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The Effectiveness of Vitamin D , Succimer and Safety Precaution Measures in Regulation of Elevated Blood Lead in Fuel Station Workers.

Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine ◽

10.21608/zjfm.2021.73316.1077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Mohammed Makloph ◽

mohammed masoud

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Safety Precaution

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Anaemia, lead poisoning and vitamin D deficiency in low-income children: do current screening recommendations match the burden of illness?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010003617 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1424-1428 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Margaret Kersey ◽

Ming Chi ◽

Diana B Cutts

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Low Income ◽

Burden Of Illness ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Safety Net ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Low Income Children ◽

Safety Net Hospital

AbstractObjectiveLow-income children are routinely screened for anaemia and elevated blood lead levels (EBLL) but not for vitamin D deficiency. We sought to determine the relative prevalence of and the relationship among vitamin D deficiency, anaemia and EBLL among healthy low-income paediatric clinic patients.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingPaediatric outpatient clinic in an urban safety net hospital in a northern US state.SubjectsHealthy toddlers and children under 6 years of age (n 127) who were seen for a routine well child check-up (WCC).ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 ng/ml) was 62 %; the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) was 29 %. These rates were far higher than those for anaemia (Hb < 11·0 g/dl) at 10 %, EBLL (Pb > 9 μg/dl) at 1 % or even mildly EBLL (Pb 5–9 μg/dl) at 4 % (range: 1–11). There was no relationship among any of the following: vitamin D status, anaemia or EBLL. The vast majority of children with vitamin D deficiency had both normal Hb (86 %) and Pb level (100 %). After controlling for child's age, gender and race/ethnicity, there was no association between Hb (continuous, g/dl) and vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0·97, 95 % CI 0·64, 1·47; P = 0·88). The only significant predictor of vitamin D deficiency was increasing age in years (aOR = 1·39, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·86; P = 0·03). None of these associations changed materially when deficiency was defined as <15 ng/ml.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency was far more common than anaemia or EBLL, and Hb and Pb status were not predictors of vitamin D status.

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Vitamin D deficiency in early childhood: prevalent in the sunny South Pacific

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009004820 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1893-1901 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Cameron C Grant ◽

Clare R Wall ◽

Sue Crengle ◽

Robert Scragg

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Early Childhood ◽

New Zealand ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Urban Children ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in young urban children in Auckland, New Zealand, where there is no routine vitamin D supplementation.DesignA random sample of urban children. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <27·5 nmol/l (<11 ng/ml). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and, from these, relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated.SettingAuckland, New Zealand (36°52′S), where the daily vitamin D production by solar irradiation varies between summer and winter at least 10-fold.SubjectsChildren aged 6 to 23 months enrolled from 1999 to 2002.ResultsVitamin D deficiency was present in forty-six of 353 (10 %; 95 % CI 7, 13 %). In a multivariate model there was an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency associated with measurement in winter or spring (RR = 7·24, 95 % CI 1·55, 23·58), Pacific ethnicity (RR = 7·60, 95 % CI 1·80, 20·11), not receiving any infant or follow-on formula (RR = 5·69, 95 % CI 2·66, 10·16), not currently receiving vitamin supplements (RR = 5·32, 95 % CI 2·04, 11·85) and living in a more crowded household (RR = 2·36, 95 % CI 1·04, 4·88).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent in early childhood in New Zealand. Prevalence varies with season and ethnicity. Dietary factors are important determinants of vitamin D status in this age group. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered as part of New Zealand’s child health policy.

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Benzene exposure, assessed by urinary trans,trans-muconic acid, in urban children with elevated blood lead levels.

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.96104318 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 318-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

V M Weaver ◽

C T Davoli ◽

P J Heller ◽

A Fitzwilliam ◽

H L Peters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Lead ◽

Urban Children ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Muconic Acid ◽

Benzene Exposure ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

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Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Elevated Blood Concentrations of Ethylene Oxide

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1135102/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengli Chen ◽

Xiangying Kong ◽

Xinyi Lu ◽

Shengen Liao ◽

Xiaosu Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Ethylene Oxide ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Ethylene oxide has been associated with increased oxidative stress and related disorders in recent studies, while vitamin D is a widely recognized antioxidant. Whether vitamin D deficiency is related to elevated blood concentrations of ethylene oxide is still unknown. We aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and blood concentrations of ethylene oxide in the general population. A total of 4125 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 were analyzed. Participants were divided into 3 groups: vitamin D sufficiency (≥75.0 nmol/L), insufficiency (50–74.9 nmol/L), and deficiency (<50.0 nmol/L). Adjusted linear and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D levels and blood concentrations of ethylene oxide. Compared with participants with vitamin D sufficiency, the adjusted mean ethylene oxide level was approximately 0.08 and 0.23 log2-units higher in the presence of vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency (P for trend <0.001). The adjusted percent difference with a 95% confidence interval in ethylene oxide per interquartile range increase in vitamin D was -1.13 (-1.68, -0.57). A restricted cubic spline model demonstrated that vitamin D levels are nonlinearly and inversely associated with blood concentrations of ethylene oxide (P for nonlinearity =0.021). Further research is warranted to understand how vitamin D may have a role in reducing blood concentrations of ethylene oxide.

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