First molecular report of causative agent of otomycosis due to Aspergillus luchuensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (Sup9a) ◽  
pp. XIVi-XIViii
Author(s):  
Hasti Kamali Sarvestani ◽  
Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Sassan Rezaie ◽  
Shahram Mahmoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Aspergillus Luchuensis ◽  
Aspergillus Section ◽  
Β Tubulin

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal caused mainly by the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus luchuensis, an industrially important fungus, is a member of Aspergillus section Nigri. In this report, we present a case of otomycosis due to Aspergillus luchuensis in a 43-year-old female patient. We performed a partial PCR-sequencing of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes to identify the isolate to the species level. Further, we determined the in vitro susceptibility of the isolate to nystatin, clotrimazole and itraconazole according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 protocol. Accordingly, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole, nystatin and itraconazole were 0.25μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL and 1μg/mL, respectively. This is the first report of clinically relevant isolation of Aspergillus luchuensis identified by a molecular technique as a causative agent of otomycosis.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of three clinical isolates of Actinomodura madurae to α-pinene, the bioactive agent of Pinus pinaster turpentine oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stojkovic ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
Jasmina Glamoclija ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Actinomadura Madurae ◽  
Bioactive Agent

In vitro susceptibility of the turpentine oil obtained from Pinus pinaster oleoresin was evaluated against three Sudanese clinical isolates of Actinomadura madurae, which is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oil ranged from 100.3 to 124.8 ?L/mL, and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were between 100.3 and 150.0 ?L/mL. ?-Pinene exhibited prominent bioactivity with MICs ranging between 3.3 and 5.0 ?L/mL, while its MMC was 10.0 ?L/mL against the same clinical isolates. Pinus pinaster turpentine oil and ?-pinene might be useful agents in the treatment of mycetoma caused by A. madurae.

scholarly journals Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma, is highly susceptible to olorofim

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Lim ◽  
Kimberly Eadie ◽  
Mickey Konings ◽  
Bart Rijnders ◽  
Ahmed H Fahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Madurella Mycetomatis ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

Abstract Objectives Eumycetoma is currently treated with a combination of itraconazole therapy and surgery, with limited success. Recently, olorofim, the lead candidate of the orotomides, a novel class of antifungal agents, entered a Phase II trial for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Here we determined the activity of olorofim against Madurella mycetomatis, the main causative agent of eumycetoma. Methods Activity of olorofim against M. mycetomatis was determined by in silico comparison of the target gene, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and in vitro susceptibility testing. We also investigated the in vitro interaction between olorofim and itraconazole against M. mycetomatis. Results M. mycetomatis and Aspergillus fumigatus share six out of seven predicted binding residues in their DHODH DNA sequence, predicting susceptibility to olorofim. Olorofim demonstrated excellent potency against M. mycetomatis in vivo with MICs ranging from 0.004 to 0.125 mg/L and an MIC90 of 0.063 mg/L. Olorofim MICs were mostly one dilution step lower than the itraconazole MICs. In vitro interaction studies demonstrated that olorofim and itraconazole work indifferently when combined. Conclusions We demonstrated olorofim has potent in vitro activity against M. mycetomatis and should be further evaluated in vivo as a treatment option for this disease.

scholarly journals Identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of causative agents of onychomycosis due to Aspergillus species in Mashhad, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Xu ◽  
Ali Naseri ◽  
Jos Houbraken ◽  
Farzaneh Akbari ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tof Ms

AbstractAspergillus species are emerging causative agents of non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis. In this study, 48 Aspergillus isolates were obtained from patients with onychomycosis in Mashhad, Iran, during 2015–2018. The aim is to identify the Aspergillus isolates to the species level by using partial calmodulin and beta-tubulin gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS, and to evaluate their in vitro susceptibility to ten antifungal drugs: terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin and amphotericin B according to CLSI M38-A3. Our results indicate that A.flavus (n = 38, 79%) is the most common Aspergillus species causing onychomycosis in Mashhad, Iran. Other detected species were A. terreus (n = 3), A. tubingensis (n = 2), A. niger (n = 1), A. welwitschiae (n = 1), A. minisclerotigenes (n = 1), A. citrinoterreus (n = 1) and A. ochraceus (n = 1). Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus and A. niger isolates were correctly identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF MS, while all cryptic species were misidentified. In conclusion, A. flavus is the predominant Aspergillus species causing onychomycosis due to Aspergillus spp. in Mashhad, Iran. MALDI-TOF MS holds promise as a fast and accurate identification tool, particularly for common Aspergillus species. It is important that the current database of reference spectra, representing different Aspergillus species is expanded to increase the precision of the species-level identification. Terbinafine, posaconazole and echinocandins were in vitro most active against the studies Aspergillus isolates and terbinafine could be the first choice for treatment of onychomycosis due to Aspergillus.

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