scholarly journals Georeferencing Napoleonic Cartography to reconstruct Ancient Egypt landscapes: methods in comparison and the case of the island of iw-rd in the 16th nomos of Upper Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domizia D'Erasmo
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Upper Egypt

Al-Jabartī and the Frankish Archaeologists

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Ibn Khaldun

For the Muslims, ancient Egypt was a land of mystery and magic. The monuments of Pharaonic Egypt attested a once-flourishing civilization, and the sheer scale of so many of these remains seemed to point either to a despotic monarchy which could command the services of multitudes of slaves to build the pyramids or to carve the rock temples of Upper Egypt (this being the rationalistic explanation put forward by, e.g., Ibn Khaldūn), or else to the existence of a priestly tradition of esoteric wisdom and the ability to command supernatural powers (which Ibn Khaldūn fully admitted elsewhere in his Prolegomena). This last view had behind it the sanction of the Qur'ān, above all, in regard to the story of Moses’ throwing down his staff before Pharaoh and its metamorphosis into a serpent, and his subsequent contest in magic with the Egyptian sorcerers (Qur'ān, 7, 101–23/103–26); these events naturally lent themselves to much fascinating embellishment by the qussās or popular storytellers.

scholarly journals Североафриканский фронтир: беджа и их соседи: North African Frontier: Bija and their neighbors

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Pylypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
North African ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Violent Conflicts

This paper deals with to the history of relations between the Bija with their neighbors. Bija were subjects of Ancient Egypt and Meroe. They are integrated into these societies without any problems and have been a vassal tribe of them. Beja were restless neighbors of the Roman Empire. They raided Upper Egypt during the III-V centuries AC. Attempts to establish a relationship with them like with the Berbers were unsuccessful. Particularly violent conflicts were a Bija with Christian states – Byzantium Empire, Nubia and Aksum. Some time Bija paid tribute to the Nubians and Axumites. Christianity did not get spread among them, Islam was adopted syncretic form after several centuries of contact with the Arabs. Islamization has been made possible thanks to the settlement of Arabs in the land Bija and participation in the Intercontinental trade. For all their neighbors were threatening nomadic Bija, which made raids to capture people in captivity and selling them into slavery. Bija attacked the Egyptian dominions of the Arab Caliphate, despite the fact that they were formally paid tribute to Arabs.

scholarly journals Nicolas Tourechot zwany Granger (około 1680 - 1737) i odkrywanie Górnego Egiptu

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Śliwa Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theban Necropolis

Nicolas Tourtechot Known as Granger (ca. 1680 - 1737) and The Discovery of Upper Egypt A French doctor, who travelled up of the Nile in the first half of 1731, wrote Relation du voyage fait en Égypte […], published in 1745 (soon his book was published in English and German). Tourtechot, during his transit to the south, noted and described several monuments. He realized that in Luxor and Karnak he was seeing the remains of the ancient Thebes, although he presumably never reached the west bank of the Nile, and the information referring to the Theban necropolis was drawn by him from indirect sources. He intended to go further to the south, but in Edfu local riots made him go back. In his report Tourtechot put Greek inscriptions which he had found in several places (Qus, Esna, Akhmim, Sheikh Abade); in the following years these inscriptions were included in specialist studies. Tourtechot’s information about Coptic monasteries which he had visited during his voyage are also considered important (he managed to visit the monasteries of St. Anthony and St. Paul on the Red Sea, which were difficult to reach). He wrote a great deal about the details of everyday life, nature and customs. Dangerous moments and specific curiosities described by Tourtechot make his simple and unpretentious writing more vivid and appealing for the reader. Tourtechot’s work constitutes an important part in the history of studies on the art and topography of ancient Egypt.

Origins of Writing in Northeastern Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coleman Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Hieroglyphic Writing

The Egyptian hieroglyphic script is one of the longest attested continuous uses of a writing system in world history. Between the late fourth century CE and the early nineteenth century, knowledge of the hieroglyphic script was lost, and the complexities of its mixed system of phonetic and ideographic signs delayed decipherment until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone and the work of Jean-François Champollion and other pioneers. Egyptian hieroglyphic writing originated between 3300 and 3100 bce, on the basis of evidence attested in funerary and petroglyphic contexts; the early date of phonetic hieroglyphic writing in Upper Egypt confirms the independent development of the ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian writing systems. Rather than emerging abruptly and fully formed during the reign of a Dynasty 0 ruler c. 3250 bce, hieroglyphs appear to have a millennium-long “proto-history.” Decorated ceramics, small inscribed objects, and a large corpus of Upper Egyptian and Nubian rock art indicate that visual communication prior to true writing in Upper Egypt could express key early political and religious concepts, developing a form of “iconographic syntax.” Careful examination of predynastic iconography thus provides the conceptual missing link in the origins of writing in Northeastern Africa. The marginal environments of ancient Egypt—the Western Desert and Sinai Peninsula—also preserve evidence for the development of the world’s first alphabetic script, a writing system that emerged c. 1800 bce from contact between ancient Egyptian scribes and Semitic speakers who participated in Egyptian expeditions, with signs deriving from Egyptian scripts. During the 2nd century bce, the Meroitic script, with signs also originating in both cursive and hieroglyphic Egyptian scripts, developed in the ancient Nubian kingdom of Meroe and remained in use for as many as 700 years.

scholarly journals The Location where Narmer probably buried

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Mud Bricks ◽  
Human Y Chromosome ◽  
Liangzhu Culture

In Bamboo Annals, Yu (禹) was depicted as having big nose and mouth(虎鼻大口，两耳参镂), so this resembles Limestone head of the king Narmer . And in my point of view, tomb of King Qa’a resembles a particular burial system – “Huangchangticou”(黄肠题凑). Since human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups O be found in Egypt, but no in the others in the image in the paper, I speculate that there must be a “indigenous people” in the Liangzhu area to return to Egypt with the fleet. From the paper , I speculate that the eagle in a statue of a man, dating from Yue State (越国) and the eagles in Fanshan Cemetery and Yaoshan Hill, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City (良渚古城遗址反山墓地和瑶山), resemble the God Horus in Egypt. I can also get a conclusion that Zhejiang(浙江)(including Yuhang(余杭)and Shaoxing(绍兴)) was once Egypt’s colony. From the paper, I can get a conclusion that Mojiaoshan Terrace (莫角山台地) resembles the Ziggurat of Ur and Anu Ziggurat, Uruk (modern Warka) in function and shape. In my point of view, Narmer's tomb in Umm el-Qa'ab near Abydos in Upper Egypt is a cenotaph of his. And from the paper, I can conclude that the “grass-wrapped silt” discovered by Liangzhu archaeologists in Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City has the same shape, size and use of building materials as the mud bricks used in the construction of cities, palaces and tombs during Narmer’s period of ancient Egypt, so I can conclude that the territory of Liangzhu culture (including Yuhang(余杭)and Shaoxing(绍兴)) was once Egypt’s colony. From the paper, I can find the prototype of the square-shape (the shape of "Hui"(回), a Chinese character) altars on Mt. Yaoshan and Mt. Huiguanshan from Dendera zodiac. From the paper, I can conclude that the divine emblem unearthed from Tomb M12, Fanshan cemetery indicates that the owner of the tomb was probably the governor of ancient Egypt. Since Fanshan (反山) is an artificially piled up mastaba shape like mound and it is larger than any other tombs of mastabas of the kings in ancient Egypt, I can get a hypothesis that Yu (Narmer) died while on a hunting tour to the eastern frontier of his empire, and chose Fanshan (反山) as his tomb at first , but for some unknown reasons, he buried in Yu mausoleum (大禹陵) , Mount Kuaiji (会稽山) , south of present-day Shaoxing (绍兴).

Testing ancient Egyptian granite-working methods in Aswan, Upper Egypt

Antiquity ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (287) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys A. Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Ancient Egyptian

Rose granite was a favoured, but difficult, stone to work in ancient Egypt. Recent sawing, drilling and cutting tests of the granite in Aswan suggest how exacting were those tasks for craftworkers.

Sun Symbols in Ancient Egypt

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (1075supp) ◽  
pp. 17176-17177
Author(s):  
F. W. Read
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt
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