scholarly journals Urinary schistosomiasis among preschool-age children in an endemic area of Kinondoni municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samwel Bushukatale Ng`weng`weta ◽  
◽  
Donath Samuel Tarimo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Preschool Age Children

scholarly journals Impact of Indolent Schistosomiasis on Morbidity and Mortality from Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Age Children from a Schistosomiasis Endemic Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariro L. Mduluza-Jokonya ◽  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
Amanda Thakataka ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractIntroductionPneumonia is the biggest child killer, after the neonatal period. This is especially so in children from developing countries who are exposed to other infections simultaneously. In this article we investigated the impact of indolent Schistosoma haematobium infection on background of a respiratory infectionMethodA cross sectional study with 237 preschool age children with a respiratory infection, was performed during winter months in a schistosomiasis endemic area. Participants were clinically examined and investigated appropriately. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and pneumonia were defined and classified as per IMCI and WHO guidelines, respectively. S. haematobium infection diagnosis was by urine filtration on urine collected over three consecutive days. Data was analysed using SPSS.ResultsS haematobium infection prevalence was 29% (69). Prevalence of repiratory infections were as follows: common cold 79% (188), pneumonia 15% (36) and severe pneumonia 6% (15). Eighty-one percent of participants with the common cold were S. haematobium negative, whilst 80 % of those with severe pneumonia were infected. Schistosomiasis infected children were at greater odds of developing; pneumonia (aOR=3.61 (95% CI 1.73-7.55) and severe pneumonia (aOR=21.13 (95% CI 4.65-95.89). High intensity S. haematobium infection was associated with an increased risk of severe pneumonia RR= 23.78(95% CI 6.86-82.32). Mortality from coinfection emanated from severe pneumonia and severe S. haematobium infection intensity (RR= 26.56 (95% CI 1.49 to 473.89). Number needed to harm (NNH) for S. haematobium infected children who develop respiratory tract infection was 4:1 for pneumonia and 5:1 for severe pneumonia.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that coinfection with Schistosomiasis increases morbidity and mortality from respiratory tract infections by up to 20 times in children less than five years old. There is need to cover schistosomiasis screening and treatment in children under 5 years old to avert mortality and morbidity due to coinfection with respiratory infections.

Biracial Testing: The Question of Clinicians' Influence on Children’s Test Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Roy A. Koenigsknecht
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Six speech and language clinicians, three black and three white, administered the Goodenough Drawing Test (1926) to 144 preschoolers. The four groups, lower socioeconomic black and white and middle socioeconomic black and white, were divided equally by sex. The biracial clinical setting was shown to influence test scores in black preschool-age children.

The German Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Petermann ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Ina Schreyer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
And Behavior

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening instrument that addresses positive and negative behavioral attributes of children and adolescents. Although this questionnaire has been used in Germany to gather information from parents and teachers of preschoolers, few studies exist that verify the validity of the German SDQ for this age. In the present study, teacher ratings were collected for 282 children aged 36 to 60 months (boys = 156; girls = 126). Likewise, teacher ratings were collected with another German checklist for behavior problems and behavior disorders at preschool age (Verhaltensbeurteilungsbogen für Vorschulkinder, VBV 3–6). Moreover, children’s developmental status was assessed. Evaluation included correlation analysis as well as canonical correlation analysis to assess the multivariate relationship between the set of SDQ variables and the set of VBV variables. Discriminant analyses were used to clarify which SDQ variables are useful to differentiate between children with or without developmental delay in a multivariate model. The results of correlation and discriminant analyses underline the validity of the SDQ for preschoolers. According to these results, the German teacher SDQ is recommended as a convenient and valid screening instrument to assess positive and negative behavior of preschool age children.

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