3A1-O03 A Novel Thermo Sensor Simulating Human Temperature Sensations Using PVDF(Sense, Motion and Measurement (1))

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (0) ◽  
pp. _3A1-O03_1-_3A1-O03_3
Author(s):  
Kento OOKAWA ◽  
Feng WANG
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensations

The Interoceptive Pathway to the Insular Cortex

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. (Bud) Craig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Representation ◽  
Lamina I ◽  
Temperature Sensations ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
Thalamocortical Pathway

This chapter looks at the experiments that demonstrated in monkeys and humans the unforeseen lamina I pathway to the thalamus and its subsequent projection to the interoceptive cortex. The ascending interoceptive thalamocortical pathway is phylogenetically unique to primates; it most likely arose in conjunction with the enormous encephalization associated with the emergence of the primate lineage. The existence of this pathway was a surprise to most investigators in the field of somatosensory neurobiology. As mentioned in chapter 1, a sensory representation of general feelings from the body had been envisioned by the German natural philosophers of the nineteenth century. However, that concept was superseded by the heuristic codification of nociception and the assignment of pain and temperature sensations to the somatosensory cortex. The chapter's findings rectify that misconception and substantiate the fundamental neurobiological distinction between interoception and exteroception at the thalamocortical level in the monkey and human.

The Origin of the Interoceptive Pathway

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. (Bud) Craig
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Temperature Sensations ◽  
The Brain

This chapter describes the functional and anatomical characteristics of interoceptive processing at the levels of the primary sensory fiber and the spinal cord. The association of the spinothalamic pathway with pain and temperature had already been described in textbooks for years. The clinical evidence indicated that a knife cut that severed the spinal cord on one side produced a loss of pain and temperature sensations only on the opposite (contralateral) side of the body, as tested with pinprick and a cold brass rod, combined with the loss of discriminative touch sensation and skeletal motor function on the same (ipsilateral) side as the injury to the spinal cord. The anatomical basis for this dissociated pattern of sensory loss is the distinctness of the two ascending somatosensory pathways to the brain-discriminative touch sensation in the uncrossed (ipsilateral) dorsal column pathway, and pain and temperature sensations in the crossed (contralateral) spinothalamic pathway.

Development of Two-Sensation Feedback Device for Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand Users – Compensation of Effect of Temperature Change on Haptic Feedback –

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Makuru Isobe ◽  
Chiharu Ishii ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensations

In this study, a feedback device of force and temperature sensations for myoelectric prosthetic hand users was developed. When a prosthetic hand user grasps an object using the myoelectric prosthetic hand, the stiffness and temperature of the object are measured using sensors attached to the prosthetic hand, and force and temperature sensations are fed back to the upper arm of the user. From the experimental evaluation of the feedback device, the influence of temperature change on force sensations was confirmed. Therefore, to feed back the same force sensation to the user even if a temperature change has occurred, compensation functions were derived using the maximum likelihood method. On the basis of paired comparison, verification experiments were conducted, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the derived compensation functions.

Polyneuropathy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Donaghy
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Block ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Demyelinating Neuropathies ◽  
Temperature Sensations ◽  
Acquired Demyelinating Neuropathies ◽  
Cardinal Sign ◽  
Distal Limb Muscle ◽  
Tendon Reflexes ◽  
Nerve Root Involvement

Typically polyneuropathy will cause the combination of distal limb muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflexes, and reduced distal limb sensation. There is variable involvement of the autonomic innervation, damage to which causes a dry, vasodilated foot or hand. Loss of tendon reflexes is a cardinal sign of polyneuropathy, often restricted to the ankle jerks in axonal degeneration, but involving more proximal reflexes in acquired demyelinating neuropathies which may involve more proximal segments or the nerve roots. Clinical features suggestive of demyelinating or conduction block polyneuropathy include: a relative lack of muscle wasting in relation to the degree of weakness because no denervation has occurred; weakness of proximal muscles as well as distal, because of nerve root involvement; and disproportionate loss of joint position and vibration sensations compared to relative preservation of pain and temperature sensations which are carried by unmyelinated fibres.

scholarly journals The specifics of the physiological stress of the population in self-isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Olga B. Polyakova ◽  
Tatyana I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Temperature Sensations ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
National Governments ◽  
External Stimuli

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced national governments to take measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Self-isolation as one of the forms of protection against infection with viral diseases has led to an increase in physiological stress. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the physiological stress of the population in self-isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study involved 638 students (average age - 23.38 years) undergraduate, specialist and graduate programs of full-time and part-time forms of analysis who went online during the period of self-isolation via Skype to participate in training sessions. Questionnaires were used: “What stress are you experiencing?” (P. Legeron), “Inventory of stress symptoms” (T. Ivanchenko), neuropsychic stress questionnaire (T.A. Nemchin), Toronto alexithymia scale (G.J. Taylor, D. Ryan, R.M. Bagby). Mathematical and statistical data processing - K. Pearson’s correlation criterion and Chaddock’s table. Results. Both the average level of physiological stress (6.74) and its components with a high connection were revealed: severity, increase, duration and frequency of neuropsychic stress (0.84, 0.86, 0.76, 0.86); disturbed sleep and wakefulness (0.82); negative sensations of the activity of the cardiovascular system (0.79), respiratory organs (0.80); pain and temperature sensations (0.73 and 0.75); drop in muscle tone (0.81); physical discomfort (0.84); increased susceptibility to external stimuli (0.87); decreased physical activity (0.79). Discussion. The results of studies by domestic and foreign doctors and psychologists confirm the need for diagnostics, prevention and correction of all types of stress conditions and levelling of physiological stress. Conclusion. The revealed specificity of physiological stress (pain in different parts of the body, dizziness and headaches, poor sleep, stiffness of movements, difficulty in breathing, an increase in the amount of food, coffee, cigarettes, fatigue, heart palpitations and physical stress) provides a basis for the management of primary and secondary prevention of general, physiological and emotional stress with the involvement of doctors, physiologists and psychologists.

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