Field Evaluation of an Electrostatic Air Filtration System for Reducing Incoming Particulate Matter of a Hen House

Abstract. As a result of the unprecedented highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the U.S. in 2014-2015, some egg producers in the U.S. started using inlet air filtration to reduce the risk of disease transmission by air into hen houses. The removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM), the carrier of airborne pathogens, by such filtration systems has not been investigated. Therefore, this field study was conducted to evaluate the PM removal efficacy of an electrostatic air filtration system (consisting of a low-grade air filter and an electrostatic particle ionization, or EPI, system) installed at the inlet of a commercial high-rise hen house. The evaluation was performed in two test rounds over a one-year period. Results showed that average PM removal efficiencies in round 1 (spring to summer) and round 2 (late fall to spring) were respectively 66% and 29% for PM1, 66% and 30% for PM2.5, 66% and 31% for PM4, 68% and 36% for PM10, and 68% and 45% for total PM. Removal efficiency became unstable when the EPI system was inactive (i.e., when solely relying on the filter for PM removal). House static pressure and ventilation rate indicated considerable clogging of the filter media by dust accumulation and the need for replacement after ~16 weeks of use in the spring-to-summer sampling period (round 1); however, clogging was not an issue during the entire late fall-to-spring sampling period (24 weeks, round 2). The appearance of the filter changed gradually as dust accumulated with time, which can be captured by image analysis and used to judge filter dirtiness and lifespan. The findings of this field study provide insight into the efficacy of PM removal by such a low-cost air filtration system, which will help egg producers in their decision-making for disease prevention strategies. Keywords: Electrostatic particle ionization, Filtration, Hen house, Particulate matter, Reduction.

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Field Evaluation of an Electrostatic Air Filtration System for Reducing Incoming Particulate Matter of a Hen House

10.13031/aim.201700443 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Zhao ◽

Lilong Chai ◽

Brad Richardson ◽

Hongwei Xin

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Filtration System

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Characterization and Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds in Metro Carriage in Shanghai, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10060302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Gong ◽

Tao Zhou ◽

Youcai Zhao ◽

Bin Xu

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Ventilation System ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Filtration System ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Shanghai Metro ◽

Metro System

Air quality in transportation microenvironment has received widespread attention. In this study, the exposure levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in Shanghai metro system were measured simultaneously, and their risks to human health under different driving conditions were then assessed. The results showed that VOCs, PM2.5 concentrations and life cancer risk (LCR) of four VOCs (benzene, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, and acetaldehyde) in the old metro carriages were about 3 times, 3 times and 2 times higher than those in the new metro carriages, respectively. This difference can be ascribed to the fact that air filtration system in the new metro trains is significantly improved. The VOC levels, PM2.5 concentrations and LCR of VOCs on the above-ground track were slightly higher than those on the underground track. This is due to less outdoor polluted air entering into the carriage on the underground track. Number of passengers also had an effect on VOCs and PM2.5 concentrations in metro carriages. Additionally, the LCR of VOCs inside metro trains should not be ignored (7.69 × 10−6~1.47 × 10−5), especially inside old metro trains with the old ventilation system.

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Effective removal of particulate matter from air by using zeolite-coated filters

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta04914j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (35) ◽

pp. 17960-17968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong Kyu Yoo ◽

Ho Chul Woo ◽

Sung Hwa Jhung

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Pm Removal ◽

Better Than

Zeolites are very effective (much better than MOFs) in removal of particulate matter (PM) from air; NaX/cotton showed 3.6-times the PM removal efficiency of bare cotton with a small increase in the pressure drop of 9 Pa.

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Nature Based Solution for indoor air quality treatment

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2042 (1) ◽

pp. 012133

Author(s):

Heinz Gattringer ◽

Nektaria Efthymiou-Charalampopoulou ◽

Egmont Lines ◽

Maria Kolokotroni

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Filtration System ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Indoor Conditions

Abstract Plants have the ability to absorb and degrade VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Foliage can intercept particulate matter (PM) and thus, help to reduce its concentration in the air. Plants can be used as filters in indoor conditions adding an ecosystem service to the decorative purpose. A plant-based air filtration system that actively improves indoor air quality has been developed and installed at a students’ residence at Brunel University, London. This unit replaces an existing window with a mini-greenhouse containing upwards of 30 plants and is connected to an air circuit to treat the indoor air. A monitoring plan is collecting data on the performance of the solution until at least the end of 2021. Preliminary results are presented, which indicate good effectiveness at reducing tVOCs and lower efficiency at reducing PM.

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The assessment of particulate matter (PM2.5) removal efficiency on air cleaner products through full scale test in Korea

Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment ◽

10.15250/joie.2019.18.1.76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 76-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kichul Kim ◽

Pil-Ju Park ◽

Soomi Eo ◽

Seungmi Kwon ◽

Kwangrae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Full Scale ◽

Full Scale Test ◽

Air Cleaner ◽

Scale Test

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An indoor air filtration study in homes of elderly: cardiovascular and respiratory effects of exposure to particulate matter.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726149836.793514685 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Hansel

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Respiratory Effects

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Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant

Volume 3A: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/gt2014-25670 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steve Ingistov ◽

Michael Milos ◽

Rakesh K. Bhargava

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Cogeneration Plant ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Air Filter ◽

Filter System ◽

Turbine Performance ◽

Filtration System ◽

Operational Data

A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.

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Evaluation of tephra for removing phosphorus from dairy farm drainage waters

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07205 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 542 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. A. Hanly ◽

M. J. Hedley ◽

D. J. Horne

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Drainage System ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Drainage Systems ◽

P Adsorption ◽

Drainage Waters ◽

P Removal

Research was conducted in the Manawatu region, New Zealand, to investigate the ability of Papakai tephra to remove phosphorus (P) from dairy farm mole and pipe drainage waters. The capacity of this tephra to adsorb P was quantified in the laboratory using a series of column experiments and was further evaluated in a field study. In a column experiment, the P adsorption capabilities of 2 particle size factions (0.25–1, 1–2 mm) of Papakai tephra were compared with that of an Allophanic Soil (Patua soil) known to have high P adsorption properties. The experiment used a synthetic P influent solution (12 mg P/L) and a solution residence time in the columns of c. 35 min. By the end of the experiment, the 0.25–1 mm tephra removed an estimated 2.6 mg P/g tephra at an average P removal efficiency of 86%. The 1–2 mm tephra removed 1.6 mg P/g tephra at an average removal efficiency of 58%. In comparison, the Patua soil removed 3.1 mg P/g soil at a P removal efficiency of 86%. Although, the Patua soil was sieved to 1–2 mm, this size range consisted of aggregates of finer particles, which is likely to have contributed to this material having a higher P adsorbing capacity. A field study was established on a Pallic Soil, under grazed dairy pastures, to compare drainage water P concentrations from standard mole and pipe drainage systems (control) and drainage systems incorporating Papakai tephra. The 2 tephra treatments involved filling mole channels with 1–4 mm tephra (Mole-fill treatment) or filling the trench above intercepting drainage pipes with ‘as received’ tephra (Back-fill treatment). Over an entire winter drainage season, the quantity of total P (TP) lost from the control treatment drainage system was 0.30 kg P/ha. The average TP losses for the Mole-fill and the Back-fill treatments were 45% and 47% lower than the control treatment, respectively.

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Gas Turbine Fouling Offshore: Correction Methodology Compressor Efficiency

Volume 9: Oil and Gas Applications; Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy ◽

10.1115/gt2017-63025 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stian Madsen ◽

Lars E. Bakken

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Peak Load ◽

Operational Experience ◽

Air Filtration ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Key Factors ◽

Turbine Performance ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Filtration System ◽

Compressor Efficiency

Gas turbine performance has been analyzed for a fleet of GE LM2500 engines at two Statoil offshore fields in the North Sea. Both generator drive engines and compressor driver engines have been analyzed, covering both the LM2500 base and plus configurations, as well as the SAC and DLE combustor configurations. Several of the compressor drive engines are running at peak load (T5.4 control), and the production rate is thus limited to the available power from these engines. The majority of the engines discussed run continuously without redundancy, implying that gas turbine uptime is critical for the field’s production and economy. Previous studies and operational experience have emphasized that the two key factors to minimize compressor fouling are the optimum designs of the inlet air filtration system and the water wash system. An optimized inlet air filtration system, in combination with daily online water wash (at high water-to-air ratio), are the key factors to achieve successful operation at longer intervals between offline washes and higher average engine performance. Operational experience has documented that the main gas turbine recoverable deterioration is linked to the compressor section. The main performance parameter when monitoring compressor fouling is the gas turbine compressor efficiency. Previous studies have indicated that inlet depression (air mass flow at compressor inlet) is a better parameter when monitoring compressor fouling, whereas instrumentation for inlet depression is very seldom implemented on offshore gas turbine applications. The main challenge when analyzing compressor efficiency (uncorrected) is the large variation in efficiency during the periods between offline washes, mainly due to operation at various engine loads and ambient conditions. Understanding the gas turbine performance deterioration is of vital importance. Trending of the deviation from the engine baseline facilitates load-independent monitoring of the gas turbine’s condition. Instrument resolution and repeatability are key factors for attaining reliable results in the performance analysis. A correction methodology for compressor efficiency has been developed, which improves the long term trend data for effective diagnostics of compressor degradation. Avenues for further research and development are proposed in order to further increase the understanding of the deterioration mechanisms, as well as gas turbine performance and response.

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