Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Isworo S, Oetari PS. 2020. Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1551-1560. The ecological balance in Tegal harbor area needs to get serious attention due to the impacts of Tegal Port activities. For this purpose, the diversity of mangrove and avifauna (bird) can be used as bio-indicators of the ecological stability of the area. This study aimed to assess and analyze the diversity of plants and avifauna (birds) that live in mangrove and coastal zones around Tegal Port development area. Data collection was conducted using purposive random sampling method on two sites for vegetation and three sites for avifauna. The importance value index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Sorensen’s similarity index was calculated for the vegetation. For birds, we calculated the diversity and similarity index as well as identified their conservation status based on the IUCN Red List, CITES and government regulations. In terms of vegetation, Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina dominate Site 2 (Tegalsari) while Casuarina equisetifolia and R. mucronata dominate Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach). Overall, the vegetation has low biodiversity index and similarity between sites is also low. For bird, there are 37 species from 18 families. Site 1 (Muara Reja) has the highest number of species with 29 species, followed by Site 2 (Tegalsari) with 25 species, and Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach) with 22 species. The three sites have moderate diversity index and there is high similarity index between sites. All bird species found in the study sites are listed as Least Concern under IUCN Red List, while there are two species protected under national protection law, i.e. Ardea alba and Glareola maldivarum. In general, the condition of mangrove vegetation around Tegal Port has low diversity. This suggests that the pressure on the environment is quite high, causing only few plant species to be able to live and dominate the ecosystem. The limited vegetation also causes birds community, especially the protected A. alba and G. maldivarum in Site 2, becomes increasingly difficult to find, because places to find food, breeding places and places to rest are disturbed.

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KOMUNITAS AVIFAUNA DI SEPANJANG ALIRAN ANAK SUNGAI WAILAWA DESA TAWIRI KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON, KOTA AMBON

Jurnal Hutan Tropis ◽

10.20527/jht.v6i2.5406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Andri Tuhumury

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Bird Species ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Point Count ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Foraging Guild

The study was conducted in April 2017, located along the Wailawa watercourses, Tawiri Village, Ambon. The method applied in these studies were Point Count, while data analysis using Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Domination Index, Similarity Index, and Guild Composition. The results showed that the number of bird species found along Wailawa watercourse were 28 species of 25 genera, 17 families, and 8 orders. The diversity of bird species is moderate (H ‘= 2,54). The bird species similarity analysis resulted in three bird communities, including: (1) bird communities in mangrove forest, estuaries with grass vegetation, (2) bird communities in garden and settlement habitats, and (3) bird communities in mixed forest habitat. Mangrove forest and estuaries have the highest species similarities (0,63). Estuaries and mix gardens have the lowest bird similarities (0,05). Bird communities in mangrove forests and estuaries are heterogeneous because they have more species with a more equitable distribution of species abundance, while in other habitat, their are homogenous because of relatively have a low species diversity with uneven distribution of species abundance.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunitas burung, meliputi kekayaan jenis, keanekaragaman jenis, kelimpahan relatif, kemerataan jenis, foraging guild, serta kesamaan jenis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2017, berlokasi di sepanjang Anak Sungai Wailawa, Desa Tawiri, Kota Ambon. Metode pengambilan data adalah metode point count, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, Indeks Kemerataan Jenis Evennes, Indeks Dominasi Jenis, Indeks Kesamaan Jenis, dan Foraging guild. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah jenis burung yang ditemukan sebanyak 28 jenis dari 25 genus, 17 famili, dan 8 ordo. Keanekaragaman jenis burung tergolong sedang (H’ = 2,54). Hasil analisis tingkat kesamaan komunitas menghasilkan tiga komunitas burung, meliputi : (1) komunitas burung di hutan mangrove-muara sungai bervegetasi rumput, (2) komunitas burung di kebun dan permukiman, serta (3) komunitas burung di kebun campur. Hutan mangrove dan muara sungai memiliki kesamaan jenis burung tertinggi, yakni 0,63. Muara sungai dan kebun campur memiliki kesamaan jenis burung terendah, yakni 0,05. Komunitas burung di hutan mangrove dan muara sungai adalah komunitas heterogen karena memiliki lebih banyak spesies dengan distribusi kelimpahan spesies yang lebih merata, sedangkan komunitas burung pada tipe habitat lainnya adalah komunitas homogen karena keragaman jenis relatif rendah dan distribusi kelimpahan spesies tidak merata.

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Birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maulana Khalid Riefani ◽

Mochamad Arief Soendjoto

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Future Research ◽

Community Similarity ◽

The West ◽

Observation Area ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Riefani MK, Soendjoto MA. 2021. Birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 278-287. There is no comprehensive data on birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, yet the areas are pressured by human activities, especially the rapidly growing tourism. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of bird species that occurred in the west coast of South Kalimantan and to compare the similarities of bird communities across four villages used as the sampling sites, i.e. Sungai Rasau, Sungai Bakau, Tabanio, and Pagatan Besar. Transect method combined with concentration count method were used to record diurnal bird species and number of individuals in five replications from April to September 2020. The observation area was 100 m from the shoreline toward the sea and 400 m from the shoreline toward the inland along 2 km with observation time was 07.00-11.00 and 16.00-19.00. Shannon Wienner species diversity index (H'), a Dice community similarity index based on the presence or absence of species (ISD), and a community similarity index (modification) based on the number of individuals per species (ISM) were analyzed. In total, there are 101 bird species recorded belonging to 41 families with Sungai Bakau Village has the highest number of species (81 species), while Pagatan Besar Village is the lowest (62 species). Thirty-four species are categorized as waterbirds. Twenty-three species are categorized as migratory birds. In terms of diversity index from highest to lowest are Sungai Bakau (4.04), Sungai Rasau (3.95), Pagatan Besar (3.65), and Tabanio (3.48). The similarity of the ISD community ranges from 0.74-0.84, while the ISM ranges from 0.73-0.90. One case (Sungai Bakau - Tabanio) shows that community similarity based on the number of individuals per species is smaller than based on the presence or absence of species. Based on the protection status following Indonesian government regulation, most (84.16%) birds are categorized as unprotected, while based on the conservation status of IUCN, the majority (91.09%) are Least Concern. The results of this study can be used as baseline information for sustainable management of the area in various aspects, including future research (such as on pest and disease control), tourism (such as bird watching), and education (such as field guide).

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Dynamics of the bird communities in two fragments of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo, Brazil

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2017-0101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Renata M. Vianna ◽

Reginaldo J. Donatelli ◽

Raphael Whitacker ◽

Rafael M. Martins ◽

Guilherme Sementili-Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Point Counts ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Evenness Index

AbstractBirds can be used as bioindicators to evaluate the quality of a habitat. The objective of this study was to record richness and abundance of bird communities in two semi-deciduous forest fragments in Brazil (Olavo Egydio Setubal – OES; and Igurê – IGR). A subsequent analysis and comparison of the avifauna structure in each of the fragments were made including previous studies in the same areas. Point counts methodology was chosen for each fragment along 12 months. The results showed the occurrence of a total of 129 bird species for both areas. Although we registered 102 species for each site, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index, respectively, were slightly higher in OES (

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Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Pengembangan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA)

AL-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi ◽

10.15408/kauniyah.v14i1.12323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Indah Oktaviani ◽

Yanti Ariyanti ◽

Sovia Santi Leksikowati ◽

Muhammad Asril

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Bird Community ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

Feeding Guild ◽

Point Count ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

AbstrakKawasan kampus Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) sedang mengalami perkembangan fisik yang pesat, seperti pembangunan gedung perkuliahan, laboratorium, asrama, juga embung untuk sumber air. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman hayati di ITERA sendiri belum banyak diteliti, salah satunya adalah keanekaragaman burung. Burung merupakan hewan besar yang cukup sensitif dengan perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data mengenai keanekaragaman burung di ITERA untuk memberikan informasi dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknik point count, diterapkan pada lima stasiun utama yang dipilih berdasarkan pusat aktivitas pembangunan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, juga kelimpahan. Selain itu, status konservasi dan tipe pakan jenis burung dianalisis menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 19 jenis burung dari 16 famili. Keanekaragaman jenis burung berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener tergolong sedang dan kemerataan jenis merata. Dari kategori kelimpahan yang digunakan terdapat dua jenis burung yang umum ditemukan. Bersumber pada PP No. 7 tahun 1999, terdapat empat jenis burung di ITERA yang termasuk ke dalam kategori dilindungi dan satu jenis termasuk kategori Appendix II di CITES. Feeding guild burung di ITERA didominasi tipe omnivora dan insektivora. AbstractInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) campus area is undergoing rapid physical development, such as the construction of lecture buildings, laboratories, dormitories, as well as reservoirs for water sources. Information on biodiversity in ITERA has not much studied, one of which is bird diversity. Birds are large animals that are quite sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to obtain data on bird diversity at ITERA to provide the baseline information. The method used is a point count technique, applied to five main stations selected based on the center of development activities. The analysis used is an index of diversity, evenness, and abundance. Besides, the conservation status and feed type of bird species were analyzed using secondary data. The results showed that there were 19 species of birds from 16 families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index classified the bird community as a moderate, and the community evenness index was stable. From the abundance category, two types of birds commonly found. Based on PP No. 7 of 1999, there are four species of birds in ITERA, which included in the protected category and one species, including the Appendix II category in CITES. Omnivorous and insectivorous types dominate bird guild feeding in ITERA.

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Diversity, potentiality, and conservation status of fish fauna in the upper Mahakam’s tributaries, East Kalimantan

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v19i3.471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Jusmaldi Jusmaldi ◽

Nova Hariani ◽

Norbeta Doq

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Data Deficient ◽

Almost All

Diversity, potentiality and conservation status of fish fauna in upper Mahakam’s tributaries of east Kalimantan is unknown. The purposes of this study were to analysis species diversity, determine potentiality and conservation status of fish fauna in upper Mahakam’s tributaries, east Kalimantan. Fish sampling with purposive method was conducted in four tributaries, i.e Tepai River, Pahangai River, Danum Parai River, and Meraseh River for one month. Fishes were collected by several gears type. The results of this research showed that the total number of fish caught was 820 individuals; consist of 26 species, 7 families, and 4 orders. The Cyprinidae was the most dominant family found in all tributaries. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in four tributaries were varied and ranging from 1.749-2.087. The highest fish diversity was recorded at Maraseh River followed by Pahangai River, Danum Parai River, and Tepai River. The low fish diversity was discovered at Tepai River may be due to differences in substrate type, water velocity, and water depth as compared to the Maraseh River, Pahangai River, Danum Parai River. The fish species similarity coefficient between four tributaries ranged from 0.606-0.842 and the highest dissimilarity was found between Tepai River and Danum Parai River. Almost all fishes categorized as edible fish for local consumption. Syncrossus hymenophysa and Gastromyzon lepidogaster have potential as ornamental fish. Regarding IUCN red list status, six fish species were grouped into least concern status, two species as data deficient, one species as near threatened, one species as endangered species and 16 other species were not on the list.

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Key conservation issues for migratory land- and waterbird species on the world's major flyways

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270908000439 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (S1) ◽

pp. S49-S73 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

Jeff S. Kirby ◽

Alison J. Stattersfield ◽

Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽

Michael I. Evans ◽

Richard F. A. Grimmett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Migratory Birds ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Neotropical Migrants ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Migratory Species ◽

Waterbird Species ◽

Near Threatened

AbstractAn estimated 19% of the world's 9,856 extant bird species are migratory, including some 1,600 species of land- and waterbirds. In 2008, 11% of migratory land- and waterbirds were classed by BirdLife International as threatened or near-threatened on the IUCN Red List. Red List indices show that these migrants have become more threatened since 1988, with 33 species deteriorating and just six improving in status. There is also increasing evidence of regional declines. Population trend data show that more Nearctic–Neotropical migrants have declined than increased in North America since the 1980s, and more Palearctic–Afrotropical migrants breeding in Europe declined than increased during 1970–2000. Reviews of the status of migratory raptors show unfavourable conservation status for 51% of species in the African–Eurasian region (in 2005), and 33% of species in Central, South and East Asia (in 2007). Land-use change owing to agriculture is the most frequently cited threat affecting nearly 80% of all threatened and near-threatened species. However, while agricultural intensification on the breeding grounds is often proposed as the major driver of declines in Palearctic–Afrotropical migrants, some species appear to be limited by the quantity and quality of available habitat in non-breeding areas, notably the drylands of tropical Africa. Forest fragmentation in breeding areas has contributed to the declines of Nearctic–Neotropical migrants with deforestation in non-breeding areas another possible factor. Infrastructure development including wind turbines, cables, towers and masts can also be a threat. Over-harvesting and persecution remain serious threats, particularly at key migration locations. Climate change is affecting birds already, is expected to exacerbate all these pressures, and may also increase competition between migratory and non-migratory species. The conservation of migratory birds thus requires a multitude of approaches. Many migratory birds require effective management of their critical sites, and Important Bird Areas (IBAs) provide an important foundation for such action; however to function effectively in conserving migratory species, IBAs need to be protected and the coherence of the network requires regular review. Since many migratory species (c. 55%) are widely dispersed across their breeding or non-breeding ranges, it is essential to address the human-induced changes at the wider landscape scale, a very considerable challenge. Efforts to conserve migratory birds in one part of the range are less effective if unaddressed threats are reducing these species' populations and habitats elsewhere. International collaboration and coordinated action along migration flyways as a whole are thus key elements in any strategy for the conservation of migratory birds.

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Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Adhy widya Setiawan ◽

ALBERTUS TJIU ◽

ARI MEIDIDIT ◽

ISWINANTO ISWINANTO ◽

AMMAR GINANJAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Tree Level ◽

Line Transect ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Setiawan AW, Tjiu A, Meididit A, Iswinanto, Ginanjar A, Atut Y, Agusti R. 2021. Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4829-4838. A study of flora was conducted in the Ratah Timber concession area. Objectives of this study was to calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) and identify species diversity in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan. A survey was carried out in 128 plots within 13 transects placed purposively. Vegetation sampling was conducted using line transect and a quadrat method. As many as 530 species belonging to 79 families were found. Of these species, 420 species were found in observation plots with 374 of the species being tree. The most dominant tree species were Endertia spectabilis, Shorea pinanga and Shorea leprosula with IVI of 10.24%, 8.25%, and 6.96%, respectively. In total, 114 species or 21.5% are endemic species of Borneo. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index at tree level was 5.51 and at seedling level was 4.95. The highest Similarity Index was found between transects 23 and 21, meanwhile the lowest was between transects 05 and 15. This study found 61 species which are classified on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (2020-1) as critically endangered (16), endangered (11), and vulnerable (34) species.

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A data-driven geospatial workflow to improve mapping species distributions and assessing extinction risk under the IUCN Red List

10.1101/2020.04.27.064477 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ruben Dario Palacio ◽

Pablo Jose Negret ◽

Jorge Velásquez-Tibatá ◽

Andrew P. Jacobson

Keyword(s):

Extinction Risk ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Species Distributions ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Data Driven ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Distance Weighted ◽

Extinction Risk Assessment

ABSTRACTSpecies distribution maps are essential for assessing extinction risk and guiding conservation efforts. Here, we developed a data-driven, reproducible geospatial workflow to map species distributions and evaluate their conservation status consistent with the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List. Our workflow follows five automated steps to refine the distribution of a species starting from its Extent of Occurrence (EOO) to Area of Habitat (AOH) within the species range. The ranges are produced with an Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation procedure, using presence and absence points derived from primary biodiversity data. As a case-study, we mapped the distribution of 2,273 bird species in the Americas, 55% of all terrestrial birds found in the region. We then compared our produced species ranges to the expert-drawn IUCN/BirdLife range maps and conducted a preliminary IUCN extinction risk assessment based on criterion B (Geographic Range). We found that our workflow generated ranges with fewer errors of omission, commission, and a better overall accuracy within each species EOO. The spatial overlap between both datasets was low (28%) and the expert-drawn range maps were consistently larger due to errors of commission. Their estimated Area of Habitat (AOH) was also larger for a subset of 741 forest-dependent birds. We found that incorporating geospatial data increased the number of threatened species by 52% in comparison to the 2019 IUCN Red List. Furthermore, 103 species could be placed in threatened categories (VU, EN, CR) pending further assessment. The implementation of our geospatial workflow provides a valuable alternative to increase the transparency and reliability of species risk assessments and improve mapping species distributions for conservation planning and decision-making.

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General survey on avifaunal composition of Betana wetland, Morang, Province number 1, Eastern Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽

10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21570 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

Milan Kharel

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Winter Season ◽

Bird Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Sampling Station ◽

General Survey ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Near Threatened

The present study conducted in Betana wetland, Morang, Province number 1, Nepal. The study based on the field survey in order to find out the avifaunal composition. In the present study, total 320 individuals of birds belonging 49 species, 30 families and 15 orders reported from Betana wetland based on field observation. The highest proportions of individuals recorded from the sampling station F1 forest area was 35% (n=112). The highest number of species (n= 15) recorded belong to the order Passeriformes with nine families, followed by Coraciformes with three families and four species then Pelicaniformes with two families and six species. Of them, two species viz. Grey-headed fish eagle (Icthyophaga humilis) and Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus ) are kept under near threatened (NT) and vulnerable (VU) category of IUCN Red List of threatened species. About 70 % of total bird recorded was resident type and about 35% of total recorded bird species common in abundance. The species richness and abundance of avifauna found higher in winter season than summer. Compared to the previous study, birds belonging to four more families and five more orders recorded this time. The Shanonn–Weiner diversity index and species evenness of avifauna from the study area found 1.332 and 0.789 respectively.BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 154-164

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Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201229 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Franciscus Xaverius Sudaryanto ◽

Junita Hardini ◽

Lalu Achmad Tan Tilar Wangsajati Sukmaring Kalih ◽

Muhammad Mirzan Asrori ◽

I Wayan Suana

Keyword(s):

Migratory Birds ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Vegetation Composition ◽

Point Count ◽

Point Count Method ◽

Near Threatened

Abstract. Sudaryanto FX, Hardini J, Kalih LATTWS, Asrori MM, Suana IW. 2019. Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3676-3683. A study on bird community and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida was carried out to determine its diversity, conservation status, and habitat as an effort to conserve and develop birdwatching ecotourism in Nusa Penida. The study was conducted in Tembeling forest and Ped agroforestry. By using the point count method, we found 80 species of birds: 70 species in Tembeling forest and 79 species in Ped agroforestry. Fourteen species of birds are protected by Indonesian law. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, four species are Critically Endangered and one species is classified as Near Threatened. We also found eight species of migratory birds. Diversity of birds in Nusa Penida was high. Individuals of each bird species was spread evenly, except Hirundo rustica, Hirundo tahitica and Streptopelia chinensis were dominant. Twenty-five species of trees were found in Tembeling, while in Ped were found 22 species. These vegetations were provided birds with good resources for foraging, resting, and nesting.

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