Asse Salt Mine, Federal Republic of Germany--Operating Facility for Underground Disposal of Radioactive Wastes: ABSTRACT

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Underground Disposal

In-Situ Stress Measurement - Results of Experiments Performed at the Asse Salt Mine - Federal Republic of Germany

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-K. Feddersen
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Temperature Test

ABSTRACTHigh-level nuclear wastes are heat generating wastes. Heat will be transferred to the surrounding salt formation. This heating of the host rock will result in an increased temperature and in stress changes.From 1983 through 1985 two underground tests were conducted in the Asse Salt Mine (Federal Republic of Germany) in which among others thermally induced stress changes were investigated.In the Temperature Test 6 which was conducted at the 750 m-level only electrical heaters were used to simulate the heat generating high-level waste. Three hydraulic stress monitoring stations were arranged in the un-heated area at a distance of about 40 meters to the central heater. Measurements using AWIO flat jacks were also carried out in the heated region of the Temperature Test Field 6 (TVF 6).The joint US/FRG Brine Migration Test (BMT) - a nuclear waste repository simulation experiment - was performed at the 800 m-level and used radioactive sources and electrical heaters to impose the heat load on the host rock. Stress change measurements during this experiment were performed using hydraulic pressure cells and straingaged stressmeters.During 1985 an experimental area for the first in-situ test disposal of high-level radioactive sources was created at the 800 m-level within the Asse anticline structure. Thirty high-level radioactive canisters will be emplaced in six down-boreholes located in two test galleries in the experimental area. There is one additional borehole in each gallery equipped only with electrical heaters. Hydraulic pressure cells, AWID flat jacks, and straingaged stressmeters were installed in the HAW-test field for stress change measurements.

The Brine Migration Test - A Nuclear Waste Repository Simulation Experiment at the Asse Salt Mine - Federal Republic of Germany

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rothfuchs ◽  
K. Wieczorek ◽  
E. G. Mcnulty ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Brine Migration ◽  
Waste Repository

ABSTRACTA joint US/FRG nuclear waste repository simulation experiment was performed at the Asse Salt Mine in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The High Level Waste (HLW) disposal in boreholes was simulated by the simultaneous emplacement of electrical heaters and cobalt-60 sources at four individual test sites located in a special underground test room at the 800 m-level.In order to resolve the issues of rock mass/waste package interaction the temperature field, brine migration into the heater boreholes, borehole gas pressure and composition, and rock mass stresses and displacements were monitored during the test. In order to validate computer code predictions the acquired data were compared to calculational results. Corrosion specimens remained in the heater boreholes during the course of the experiment and were afterwards examined.

Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Medical Domain

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.

Studies on Thalidomide as a Cause of Congenital Malformations

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Many Sources

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.

Market Analysis of the Per Capita Consumption of Smoke Condensate and Nicotine in the Federal Republic of Germany Between 1961 – 1970/Trendanalysen zum Problem des Verbrauches an Nikotin und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die Jahre 1961-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Misfeld ◽  
J. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

AbstractOn the basis of numerous research results and data on the development of nicotine and condensate contents of German cigarettes, of their respective shares in the market, the smoked length of cigarettes, and of the pro capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany, an estimate has been prepared on the yearly pro capita consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic covering the years 1961-1970. The values for 1961 amount to 40.2 g of smoke condensate (crude) and to 2.04 g of nicotine. The values for 1970 are found to be only 29.4 g and 1.63 g respectively. That means that the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic has decreased during the last ten years. The share of smokers having remained almost the same, the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine per smoker is, as well, found to have decreased by about 27 % and 20 % respectively during the years between 1961 and 1970 despite an increased cigarette consumption.

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