scholarly journals Fortress with Sticky Moats: the Functional Role of Small Particles around Tetragonisca angustula Latreille (Apidae: Hymenoptera) Nest Entrance

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaro Alves ◽  
Sebastian F. Sendoya ◽  
André Rodrigo Rech
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Being Moved ◽  
Sticky Particles

Many bee species are able to defend themselves against pollen or honey thievery. We herein report the functional role of small sticky particles deposited by Tetragonisca angustula Latreille in its nest entrance external side. This strategy was very effective to prevent ants from invading the bees’ nest. We reported many dead ants attached to the nest entrance and different ant species easily immobilized after being moved onto the entrance tube containing sticky particles. This is the first description of the functional role played by the nest entrance sticky particles under natural conditions..

Expression and functional role of c-Kit and erbB2 in human hepatoblastoma.

2009 ◽  
Vol 221 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Steiger ◽  
I Leuschner ◽  
D Denkhaus ◽  
D von Schweinitz ◽  
T Pietsch
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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