scholarly journals Mechanisms of species coexistence and functional diversity of ant assemblages in forest and pasture habitats in southwestern Brazilian Amazon

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Andressa Silvana Oliveira de Menezes ◽  
Fernando Augusto Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Asymptotic Relation ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms behind species coexistence and the relationships between functional diversity and species richness in ant assemblages in both forest and pasture habitats in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. We addressed the specific question: What is the primary mechanism for species coexistence in forest and pasture habitats? According to the identified mechanism in each habitat, we had the following alternative expectations: (i) niche partitioning – we expected to observe a linear positive relationship between functional diversity and species richness, indicating a complementary relationship; or (ii) niche filtering – a positive constant asymptotic relation between functional diversity and species richness, indicating a functional redundancy relationship. In total, we sampled 91 ant species, 82 species in a forest habitat and 16, in a pasture habitat. In the forest habitat we identified niche filtering as the structuring mechanism of the ant assemblage, but we were unable to identify a clear mechanism in the pasture habitat. Although the relationship between functional diversity and species richness was positive in both habitats, the relationship was weaker in the forest habitat, indicating a greater functional redundancy among the ant species in this habitat. Our results reinforce the divergence of species coexistence mechanisms and ant assemblage structures in both natural and human-modified habitats in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Assessing above-ground biomass-functional diversity relationships in temperate forests in northern Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Jorge Omar Lopez Martinez ◽  
Edgar J. González ◽  
Jose Javier Corral-Rivas ◽  
Francisco Javier Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Community Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have suggested that species richness and functional diversity are the main drivers of ecosystem processes. Several patterns on this relationship have been found, including positive, unimodal, negative, and neutral trends, keeping the issue controversial. In this study, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity as drivers of above-ground biomass (AGB) were comparated, and the mechanisms that influence biomass production were investigated by testing the complementarity and the mass-ratio hypotheses.Methods: Using data from 414 permanent sample plots, covering 23% of temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental (México). We estimated the above-gound biomass (AGB), taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community weighted mean values (CWM) for three functional trais (maximum height, leaf size and wood density) for trees ≥7.5 cm d.b.h., in managed and unmanaged stands. To compare taxonomic diversity differences between managed and unmanaged stands we carried out a rarefaction analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between AGB and taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, as well as CWM traits throught spatial autoregressive models.Results: We found a hump-shaped relationship between AGB and species richness in managed and unmanaged forests. CMW of maximum height was the most important predictor of AGB in both stands, which suggested that the mechanism underlaying the AGB-diversity relationship is the dominance of some highly productive species, supporting the mass-ratio hypothesis. Above-ground biomass was significantly correlated with three of the five functional diversity metrics, CWM maximum height and species richness. Our results show the importance of take into account spatial autocorrelation in the construction of predictive models to avoid spurious patterns in the AGB-diversity relationship.Conclusion: Species richness, maximum height, functional richness, functional dispersion and RaoQ indices relate with above-ground biomass production in temperate mixed-species and uneven-aged forests of northern Mexico. These forests show a hump-shaped AGB-species richness relationship. Functional diversity explains better AGB production than classical taxonomic diversity. Community weighted mean traits provide key information to explain stand biomass in these forests, where maximum tree height seems to be a more suitable trait for understanding the biomass accumulation process in these ecosystems. Although the impact of forest management on biodiversity is still debated, it has not changed the AGB-diversity relationships in the forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.

scholarly journals Explorative Meta-Analysis of 417 Extant Archaeal Genomes to Predict Their Contribution to the Total Microbiome Functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Robert Starke ◽  
Maysa Lima Parente Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Kumazawa Morais ◽  
Iñaki Odriozola ◽  
Petr Baldrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Parametric Bootstrap ◽  
Saturated Model ◽  
Logarithmic Model ◽  
Bootstrap Estimate ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship

Revealing the relationship between taxonomy and function in microbiomes is critical to discover their contribution to ecosystem functioning. However, while the relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity in bacteria and fungi is known, this is not the case for archaea. Here, we used a meta-analysis of 417 completely annotated extant and taxonomically unique archaeal genomes to predict the extent of microbiome functionality on Earth contained within archaeal genomes using accumulation curves of all known level 3 functions of KEGG Orthology. We found that intergenome redundancy as functions present in multiple genomes was inversely related to intragenome redundancy as multiple copies of a gene in one genome, implying the tradeoff between additional copies of functionally important genes or a higher number of different genes. A logarithmic model described the relationship between functional diversity and species richness better than both the unsaturated and the saturated model, which suggests a limited total number of archaeal functions in contrast to the sheer unlimited potential of bacteria and fungi. Using the global archaeal species richness estimate of 13,159, the logarithmic model predicted 4164.1 ± 2.9 KEGG level 3 functions. The non-parametric bootstrap estimate yielded a lower bound of 2994 ± 57 KEGG level 3 functions. Our approach not only highlighted similarities in functional redundancy but also the difference in functional potential of archaea compared to other domains of life.

scholarly journals Assessing above-ground biomass-functional diversity relationships in temperate forests in northern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Jorge Omar López-Martínez ◽  
Edgar J. González ◽  
José Javier Corral-Rivas ◽  
Francisco Javier Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Community Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have suggested that species richness and functional diversity are the main drivers of ecosystem processes. Several patterns on this relationship have been found, including positive, unimodal, negative, and neutral trends, keeping the issue controversial. In this study, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity as drivers of above-ground biomass (AGB) were compared, and the mechanisms that influence biomass production were investigated by testing the complementarity and the mass-ratio hypotheses. Methods Using data from 414 permanent sample plots, covering 23% of temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental (México), we estimated the above-gound biomass (AGB), taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community weighted mean values (CWM) for three functional traits (maximum height, leaf size and wood density) for trees ≥7.5 cm DBH, in managed and unmanaged stands. To compare taxonomic diversity differences between managed and unmanaged stands we carried out a rarefaction analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between AGB and taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, as well as CWM traits throught spatial autoregressive models. Results We found a hump-shaped relationship between AGB and species richness in managed and unmanaged forests. CMW of maximum height was the most important predictor of AGB in both stands, which suggested that the mechanism underlaying the AGB-diversity relationship is the dominance of some highly productive species, supporting the mass-ratio hypothesis. Above-ground biomass was significantly correlated with three of the five functional diversity metrics, CWM maximum height and species richness. Our results show the importance of taking into account spatial autocorrelation in the construction of predictive models to avoid spurious patterns in the AGB-diversity relationship. Conclusion Species richness, maximum height, functional richness, functional dispersion and RaoQ indices relate with above-ground biomass production in temperate mixed-species and uneven-aged forests of northern Mexico. These forests show a hump-shaped AGB-species richness relationship. Functional diversity explains better AGB production than classical taxonomic diversity. Community weighted mean traits provide key information to explain stand biomass in these forests, where maximum tree height seems to be a more suitable trait for understanding the biomass accumulation process in these ecosystems. Although the impact of forest management on biodiversity is still debated, it has not changed the AGB-diversity relationships in the forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.

scholarly journals Assessing above-ground biomass-functional diversity relationships in temperate forests in northern Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Vargas-Larreta ◽  
Jorge Omar Lopez Martinez ◽  
Edgar J. González ◽  
Jose Javier Corral-Rivas ◽  
Francisco Javier Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Community Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity have suggested that species richness and functional diversity are the main drivers of ecosystem processes. Several patterns on this relationship have been found, including positive, unimodal, negative, and neutral trends, keeping the issue controversial. In this study, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity as drivers of above-ground biomass (AGB) were comparated, and the mechanisms that influence biomass production were investigated by testing the complementarity and the mass-ratio hypotheses. Methods: Using data from 414 permanent sample plots, covering 23% of temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Oriental (México). We estimated the above-gound biomass (AGB), taxonomic and functional diversity indices, as well as community weighted mean values (CWM) for three functional trais (maximum height, leaf size and wood density) for trees ≥7.5 cm d.b.h., in managed and unmanaged stands. To compare taxonomic diversity differences between managed and unmanaged stands we carried out a rarefaction analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between AGB and taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, as well as CWM traits throught spatial autoregressive models. Results: We found a hump-shaped relationship between AGB and species richness in managed and unmanaged forests. CMW of maximum height was the most important predictor of AGB in both stands, which suggested that the mechanism underlaying the AGB-diversity relationship is the dominance of some highly productive species, supporting the mass-ratio hypothesis. Above-ground biomass was significantly correlated with three of the five functional diversity metrics, CWM maximum height and species richness. Our results show the importance of take into account spatial autocorrelation in the construction of predictive models to avoid spurious patterns in the AGB-diversity relationship. Conclusion: Species richness, maximum height, functional richness, functional dispersion and RaoQ indices relate with above-ground biomass production in temperate mixed-species and uneven-aged forests of northern Mexico. These forests show a hump-shaped AGB-species richness relationship. Functional diversity explains better AGB production than classical taxonomic diversity. Community weighted mean traits provide key information to explain stand biomass in these forests, where maximum tree height seems to be a more suitable trait for understanding the biomass accumulation process in these ecosystems. Although the impact of forest management on biodiversity is still debated, it has not changed the AGB-diversity relationships in the forests of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico.

scholarly journals The relationship between species richness and ecosystem variability is shaped by the mechanism of coexistence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Tredennick ◽  
Peter B. Adler ◽  
Frederick R. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Natural Gradient ◽  
Species Pools ◽  
Coexistence Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Explanation ◽  
Consumer Resource

AbstractTheory relating species richness to ecosystem variability typically ignores the potential for environmental variability to promote species coexistence. Failure to account for fluctuation-dependent coexistence mechanisms may explain observed deviations from the expected negative diversity–ecosystem variability relationship, and limits our ability to predict the consequences of future increases in environmental variability. We use a consumer-resource model to explore how coexistence via the temporal storage effect and relative nonlinearity affects ecosystem variability. We show that a positive, rather than negative, diversity–ecosystem variability relationship is possible when ecosystem function is sampled across a natural gradient in environmental variability and diversity. We also show how fluctuation-dependent coexistence can buffer ecosystem functioning against increasing environmental variability by promoting species richness and portfolio effects. Our work provides a general explanation for variation in observed diversity–ecosystem variability relationships and highlights the importance of conserving regional species pools to help buffer ecosystems against predicted increases in environmental variability.

scholarly journals Explorative meta-analysis of 417 extant archaeal genomes to predict their contribution to the total microbiome functionality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Starke ◽  
Maysa Lima Parente Fernandes ◽  
Daniel Kumazawa Morais ◽  
Iñaki Odriozola ◽  
Nico Jehmlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Model ◽  
Logarithmic Model ◽  
Archaeal Species ◽  
Bootstrap Estimate ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractUnveiling the relationship between taxonomy and function in microbiomes is crucial to determine their contribution to ecosystem functioning. However, while the relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity in bacteria and fungi was reported, this is not the case for archaea. Here, we used a meta-analysis of completely annotated extant genomes of 417 taxonomically unique archaeal species to describe intergenome and intragenome redundancy of functions and to predict the extent of microbiome functionality on Earth contained within archaeal genomes using accumulation curves of all known functions from the level 3 of KEGG Orthology. We found that intergenome redundancy as functions present in multiple genomes was inversely related to intragenome redundancy as multiple copies of a gene in one genome, implying the trade of between additional copies of functionally important genes or a higher number of different genes. A logarithmic model described the relationship between functional diversity and species richness better than both the unsaturated and the saturated model, which suggests a limited total number of archaeal functions in contrast to the potential of bacteria and fungi. Using a global archaeal species richness estimate of 13,159, the logarithmic model predicts a total of 4,164.1 ±2.9 KEGG level 3 functions while the non-parametric bootstrap estimate yields a lower bound of 2,994 ±57 KEGG level 3 functions. Our approach not only highlights similarities in functional redundancy but also the difference in functional potential of archaea compared to other domains of life.

Distribution of epigeic and hypogeic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in ombrophilous forests in the Brazilian Amazon

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Marcos Timóteo Torres ◽  
Jorge Luiz Pereira Souza ◽  
Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Ant Assemblages ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
The Relationship

In the Amazon basin, ants are often associated with environmental or edaphic factors. However, these associations may vary between the epigeic and hypogeic strata. Here, we investigated differences in richness and composition of epigeic and hypogeic ant assemblages along an environmental gradient in the Brazilian Amazon. The four studied sites cover different topographic and soil characteristics. We sampled 25 plots of 250 m2 using 10 samples of epigeic pitfalls and 10 samples of hypogeic pitfalls installed at two depths (10 and 30 cm). The pitfalls remained in the fi eld for 48 hours. In the same plots, soil clay content and terrain altitude were also measured. We collected 219 species or morphospecies, of which 14 were exclusively hypogeics. We found higher local richness in the epigeic compared to hypogeic assemblages. We also found an interaction between clay content and strata for ant species composition. Overall, the species turnover was related to clay content, but the eff ect depended on the strata, with hypogeic fauna being more heterogeneous, compared with epigeic fauna. Despite the relationship between clay content and ant´s assemblage’s composition, we did not find strong environment predictors for both strata, which suggests that other factors may structure ant assemblages in these sites. This reinforces the need for studies to defi ne which environmental gradiente determines the distribution of Amazonian epigeic and hypogeic ants.

scholarly journals Relationship between Diversity and Stability of a Karst Plant Community

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Ling Feng ◽  
Lingbin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Ecology ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Stages

The relationships among species diversity, functional diversity, functional redundancy, and community stability are central to community and ecosystem ecology. This paper examines plant communities at different stages of vegetation restoration in the Guizhou karst plateau to study the relationship among functional diversity, functional redundancy, and stability of plant communities. The most important results include the following. (1) Species diversity (SD), functional redundancy (FR), and stability (STB) gradually increased with restoration, and there were significant differences among the different stages; functional diversity (FD) increased at first and then decreased, and reached the highest level at the tree irrigation stage. (2) Plant height (PLH) and specific leaf area (SLA) were functional traits that affected the diversity and stability of the plant community, and PLH was positively correlated with plant community diversity and stability, while SLA was negatively correlated with plant community diversity and stability. (3) During the community recovery, FD and FR interacted to maintain stability. In the early and late stages of recovery, the effect of functional redundancy on stability was greater than that of functional diversity, but it was the opposite in the middle stages. (4) The tree irrigation stage is the likely point at which the species diversity of plant communities in karst areas reached saturation, and the growth rate of functional redundancy after species diversity saturation was greater than that before saturation.

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