Building balanced labour markets in the post-war New Towns

2007 ◽  
pp. 76-102
Author(s):  
Mike Raco
Keyword(s):  
Labour Markets ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Post War

Architecture of Apocalypse, City of Lights

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Marion Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
New Wave ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

The inception of the New Wave coincided with a profound mutation of the French urban fabric: parts of historic city centers were razed in post-war modernisation schemes, while 'new towns' were planned outside major cities to relieve the pressure of population growth. This chapter analyses New Wave filmmakers' diverse engagement with architecture - old and new - and urban change in both fictional and documentary genres. Themes for discussion include New Wave directors' ambivalent representation of the new forms of architectural modernity that emerged in France in the 1950s and 60s; their interrogation of the living conditions on modern housing estates; and their examination of the relationship between the built environment, affect, and memory. The chapter also considers the movement's fascination with the tactile textures and surfaces of the city.

Restructuring labour markets

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Anthony Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Symbolic Order ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Post War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

This chapter places the service economy in a political-economic and socio-historical context. The narrative details the emergence of a regulatory sleeve to limit the ‘animal spirits’ of capitalism’s non-ethical generative core. The post-war period of relative prosperity provides stability and a measurable sense of progress but ultimately gives way to neoliberalism at the end of the 1970s. The new ‘symbolic order’ shifts ground from security to flexibility in order to open up avenues for capital accumulation. Although successful in this respect, the impact upon labour markets and employment is significant and engenders a shift from industry and manufacturing to consumerism and service. The chapter outlines the impact of the financial crisis on labour markets and employment and demonstrates the growth of on-demand work. The key features of this chapter are the shift from security to flexibility and the composition of labour markets which now reflect imperatives of consumer culture but lack stability for employees.

scholarly journals The EU Services Directive, German Labour Market Regulation and Institutional Change

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Post War ◽  
Market Liberalisation

How does extending markets across national borders impact national institutions regulating labour markets? This paper addresses this question by analysing resistance in Germany to the European Commission’s draft Directive on an Internal Market for Services (COM(2004) 2 final/3). It demonstrates how the Commission’s initial attempt to integrate European service markets threatened to accelerate changes in the institutional structure of post-war German industrial relations. The paper shows how a broad spectrum of social and political interests in Germany united in successful opposition to this threat. It also demonstrates, however, that this resistance only postponed institutional reform in German labour markets and pushed the reform process—temporarily—from European to German legislative arenas. This study demonstrates that European market liberalisation, rather than driving the German state from labour markets, is pushing it to take a more active role in regulating employment. It also provides observations about processes of institutional change.

Build the imaginary: Urban futures and New Towns in post-war French spatial planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Welch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Post War ◽  
De Gaulle

Post-war France was reshaped by a sustained period of spatial planning and modernization. This was particularly so during the presidency of Charles de Gaulle (1958–69), as the country positioned itself as a modern European nation after decolonization. In its approach and execution, French spatial planning represented the sort of imperious state intervention critiqued by radical spatial theorists such as Henri Lefebvre. Yet it remained the case that the planners articulated a rich vision of France’s future, filled with space and light. Not only that, but they had the means to bring their vision into being. During the mid-1960s, the building of New Towns became central to their thinking. This article revisits spatial planning as a realm of the imagination and considers how the nation’s future was portrayed in textual and visual forms. It explores how the translation of dreams into built realities became a source of political tension, and how those tensions found public expression in the visual media.

Conservative governments and the new town housing question in the 1950s

Urban History ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. V. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Social Changes ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Financial Burdens

During the 1950s the Conservative Government initiated a policy of private housing in new towns in order to temper the financial burdens of the programme and encourage local electoral support for the party. This enquiry, by focusing on Crawley New Town, argues that the policy succeeded in exposing the contradictions of post-war new town philosophy whilst reflecting the wider economic and social changes that had begun to unfold in Britain by the late 1950s.

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