scholarly journals Industrial policy and competition policy. State aid and the restructuring of the European steel industry in the 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (82) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Sáez-García ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Morlán
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Community Restructuring ◽  
State Aid Control

Using documents from the Historical Archives of the European Union, the article assesses the results of the restructuring of the European Community steel sector carried out at the beginning of the 1980s, considered to be the first European industrial policy. The article concludes that State aid control by the European Commission, through the so-called aid codes, was the main tool of the Community restructuring policy and contributed to resolve the crisis that the sector had been suffering from the mid-1970s, even though the objectives set by the Commission were not fully achieved.

scholarly journals Agency Insight from Portugal’s Autoridade da Concorrência

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Margarida Matos Rosa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

Abstract 2020 will be a landmark year for reasons that had not been anticipated. But it is also a critical year for the implementation, by national legislators in the European Union, of the ECN+ Directive. This will grant competition agencies stronger means of enforcement and will consecrate independence of enforcement decisions based on the pursuit of consumer welfare protection. Another developing topic in 2020 is industrial policy in the EU and its coexistence with competition policy. While the EU needs to remain pragmatic, it need not — must not, I would argue - lose its distinctive economic features.

Support of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises under European State Aid Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Sherr ◽  
Katrien Miclotte ◽  
Rebecca Fawcett-Feuillette
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Core ◽  
Economic Development Strategy ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
State Aid Control

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development strategy of the European Union. However, while SMEs are important for job creation and economic development, the Commission has highlighted that they often encounter problems accessing finance and necessary information. In order to address certain market failures which impact SMEs most significantly, SMEs now have a favoured status under the state aid rules. The most important and recent changes are a consequence of the Commission’s state aid modernization (SAM) reform package. As part of the SAM package, the Commission has adopted ten guidelines and five regulations to render existing state aid control instruments and procedures more efficient. This chapter gives a brief but practical overview of those new guidelines and regulations and highlights the core principles that need to be taken into account when assessing aid possibilities for SMEs.

STATE AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SECTORS AND IN RURAL AREAS IN RESPECT OF THE COMPETITION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2004-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rutkiewicz ◽  
Angelika Pruchnicka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study is to discuss the legal and economic aspects of granting of state aid in the sectors of agriculture, forestry and in rural areas in the light of the EU competition policy in the years 2004-2015. The methods of deduction, descriptive, critical-cognitive and comparative analysis of statistical data (derived from Eurostat database) on the value and structure of state aid for sectoral targets in the EU-28, were used. State aid in the EU is the instrument aimed at achieving the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, which strengthens the competitiveness and profitability of all agricultural branches, promotes the sustainable forest management and territorial development of rural areas, stimulating the actions in the field of climate and energy efficiency. The greatest beneficiaries of state aid in the agricultural sector in the years 2004- 2015 were: France (16%), Germany (12%), Finland (10%), Italy (9%), Spain (8%), Poland (7%), Great Britain (6%) and Netherlands (5%). In the structure of state aid in the EU-28 Member States, tax exemptions were the predominant use (14%), followed by investments in agricultural holdings (13.6%), support to the livestock sector (8%), animal disease control (6%), agricultural and livestock insurance contributions (5.4%), technical support (5%), forestry support (4.8%), aid for research & development & innovation (4.7%), adverse weather events (4%), public expenditures for environmental protection and compensations for natural disasters and other exceptional occurrences (3.5% each).

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