Levodopa Therapy and the Risk of Malignant Melanoma

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene F Siple ◽  
Diana C Schneider ◽  
Wendy A Wanlass ◽  
Burton K Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Levodopa Therapy ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Search Terms

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of levodopa therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease and malignant melanoma. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (January 1966–September 1999) of English-language articles was conducted. Key search terms included levodopa, melanoma, and Parkinson's disease; 34 case reports were identified. DATA SYNTHESIS: Carbidopa/levodopa continues to be a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Since the late 1970s, a warning has appeared in the prescribing literature for levodopa regarding the risk of activating malignant melanoma. An evaluation was conducted of the case reports in which a causal relationship between levodopa and melanoma was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: There is an unlikely association between levodopa and induction or exacerbation of malignant melanoma.

Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Pallone ◽  
Morton P. Goldman ◽  
Matthew A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Literature

Objective To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect. Data Sources Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information. Study Selection All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed. Data Extraction Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid. Data Synthesis The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare. Conclusions The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.

Fomepizole as an Antidote for Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Battistella
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of fomepizole in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in the absence of hemodialysis. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966–May 2001) of English-language literature pertaining to the use of fomepizole in ethylene glycol poisoning was performed. Key search terms included fomepizole, ethylene glycol poisoning, and hemodialysis. References cited in those articles were also evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results from a number of case reports and a prospective trial suggest that fomepizole is a safe and effective antidote in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: Case reports and 1 prospective trial have shown that, in the absence of both renal dysfunction and significant metabolic acidosis, the use of fomepizole should obviate the need for hemodialysis. However, the decision to add hemodialysis in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning based on plasma ethylene glycol concentrations is still debatable. A randomized, controlled trial is needed to determine the exact criteria for adding hemodialysis.

Dexrazoxane: A New Cardioprotective Agent

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly D Abbott ◽  
Cindy M Ippoliti
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective: To review the literature discussing the use of dexrazoxane (e.g., Zinecard, ICRF-187) to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Data Sources: Pertinent English-language reports of studies in humans were retrieved from a MEDLINE search (January 1980-January 1997); search terms included chelating agents, razoxane, dexrazoxane, Zinecard, ICRF-187, ADR-529, and ICRF-159. Study Selection: Representative articles discussing the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, dosing, and administration of dexrazoxane and those discussing clinical trials were selected. Data Extraction: Data were extracted and analyzed if the information was relevant and consistent. Studies were selected for review in the text on the basis of study design and clinical end points. Data Synthesis: Dexrazoxane is a chemoprotective agent developed to prevent cardiac tissue toxicity. Dexrazoxane exerts a cardioprotective effect with some clinically significant toxicities; it may also interfere with the antitumor activity of doxorubicin. Until there are sufficient data to support its use in first-line supportive care therapy, dexrazoxane should be reserved for use in patients responding to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy but who have risk factors for cardiac toxicity or have received a cumulative doxorubicin bolus dose of 300 mg/m2. Conclusions: The management of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has led to the development of supportive care drugs that specifically counteract the dose-limiting toxicities. Dexrazoxane may not completely eliminate the concern about doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but it may open new avenues for continuing doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.

Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie GB Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Search Terms

OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines in asthmatic children. DATA SOURCES: Literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (2002–March 2003). Key search terms included asthma, exacerbation, children, vaccine, and influenza. DATA SYNTHESIS: Concerns that the influenza vaccine may exacerbate asthma attacks have kept many asthmatic children from receiving this immunization. Researchers have conducted studies to determine the burden of influenza on asthmatic children, the safety of influenza vaccines, and their benefit in the presence of glucocorticoid burst therapy in the same population. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccines tested are safe and efficacious in asthmatic children.

Nebulized Morphine for Relief of Dyspnea Due to Chronic Lung Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrill J Brown ◽  
Samantha F Eichner ◽  
Jennifer R Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized morphine for the management of dyspnea in chronic pulmonary diseases. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–May 2004), EMBASE (1980–May 2004), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–May 2004) searches were performed. Key search terms included morphine, dyspnea, and inhalation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine studies have evaluated the efficacy of nebulized morphine in relieving dyspnea. Three trials had positive resuts, but the rest failed to show improvement after treatment with doses ranging from 1 to 40 mg nebulized morphine. The small number of subjects, variety of disease states, and different outcome measures limit interpretation of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Results from several small studies do not support the use of nebulized morphine for treatment of dyspnea; however, several positive case reports have been published.

scholarly journals Uveal Malignant Melanoma and Levodopa Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease

Ophthalmology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard H. Van Rens ◽  
Paul T.V.M. Jong ◽  
Emiel E.J.L.R. Demols ◽  
Marthe F. Brihaye-Van Geertruyden
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Levodopa Therapy ◽  
Uveal Malignant Melanoma

Cardiotoxicity following Bupropion Overdose

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon Druteika ◽  
Peter J Zed
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Drug Intoxication ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Life Threatening

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether bupropion overdose has been associated with cardiovascular toxicity. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–January 2002), EMBASE (1980–January 2002), Current Contents (January 2002), and PubMed (January 2002) databases for English-language human reports. Search terms included bupropion, overdose (drug), intoxication, poisoning, and acute ingestion. DATA SYNTHESIS: Articles describing toxicity following bupropion overdose were evaluated independently by both authors to identify cases of cardiotoxicity. RESULTS: Thirteen articles describing bupropion overdose in 116 patients were identified. Only 3 patients exhibited cardiotoxicity following acute ingestion; 2 of these patients also ingested other medications. All 3 patients experienced tachycardia and conduction delays (widened QRS complex and/or prolonged QTc interval), but none of these delays progressed to a life-threatening arrhythmia. All patients recovered, with resolution of cardiotoxicity within 2–4 days following ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that all patients with an overdose of bupropion should have an electrocardiogram performed on admission and should be monitored for the development of conduction delays and/or life-threatening arrhythmias.

Drug-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Literature Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid E Awong ◽  
Kenneth R Dandurand ◽  
Christopher A Keeys ◽  
Felix A Khin Maung-Gyi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

OBJECTIVE: To present an overview of reported drug-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and current management of the disease. DATA SOURCES: Case reports and reviews of drug-associated GBS published in the English-language literature from 1982 through 1994 were retrieved from MEDLINE. An additional search was done through the Iowa Drug Information System for the same period. This search yielded incidents that occurred as early as 1976. The key search terms were GBS, polyneuropathy, chemically induced polyradiculoneuropathy, and etiology of GBS. The searches were limited to human subjects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Drugs that have been associated with GBS are presented, and although no definite relationships have been established, selected reports attempt to show an increased incidence of GBS after drug therapy. Outcome of medical management of GBS has been variable; however, death occurs in less than 10% of those affected. CONCLUSIONS: GBS and clinically similar states have been reported to occur with a variety of drugs and biologics; however, because of the paucity of available data a well-defined cause and effect relationship has not been established between GBS and any drug. There appears to be no treatment of choice for this disorder. Further comparative studies should be done to determine the therapy with the most consistent outcome.

Acetazolamide in the Treatment of Seizures

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G Reiss ◽  
Karen S Oles
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Dosage Administration

OBJECTIVE: TO summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of acetazolamide and to evaluate its therapeutic role in patients with epilepsy. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search of the MEDLINE (OVID) database (1966–1994) was used to identify publications regarding acetazolamide. The MEDLINE search was supplemented by information from textbooks. STUDY SELECTION: Included were English-language review articles, clinical trials, cohort studies, and case reports. Topics investigated included basic pharmacology, therapeutics, toxicology, adverse reactions, dosage, administration, and pharmacokinetics of acetazolamide. DATA SYNTHESIS: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of epilepsy since 1953. Acetazolamide is primarily used in combination therapy with other antiepileptic medications in both children and adults although it may be used as monotherapy. Drug concentration monitoring has not been found to be routinely beneficial. Adverse effects include kidney stones, metabolic acidosis, lethargy, appetite suppression, paresthesias, and rare blood dyscrasias. Partial tolerance may develop to the antiepileptic activity. CONCLUSIONS: Acetazolamide is a beneficial adjunctive agent in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy and should be considered in refractory epilepsy. Although it may be useful in partial, myoclonic, absence, and primary generalized tonic—clonic seizures uncontrolled by other marketed agents, acetazolamide has been inadequately studied by current standards and its use has been limited.

scholarly journals Relationship between Freezing of Gait and Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Systemic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Witt ◽  
Hooman Ganjavi ◽  
Penny MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Number Of Patients

Freezing of gait (FOG) is experienced by a significant number of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathophysiology of this disabling motor symptom remains unclear, and there are no effective therapies. Anxiety has previously been posited as a contributing factor to gait freezing. There have been few studies directly investigating this topic, and a comprehensive literature review is lacking. The objective of this paper was to systematically review the evidence associating anxiety with the presence, severity, and progression of FOG in PD patients. The PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched up to September 19, 2018, for English-language, peer-reviewed articles that explored anxiety and FOG as outcome measures in a PD population base. Review articles, case reports, and articles that assessed gait disorders other than FOG were excluded, yielding a total of 26 articles in the final analysis. Of these 26 studies, 16 had a significant relationship between anxiety outcome measure and either presence or severity of FOG. There was great variability among studies in terms of outcome measures for both FOG and anxiety. Despite this heterogeneity, most studies relate anxiety and FOG. Standardized, high-validity outcome measures of anxiety and FOG are needed. Future exploration should aim to clarify the role of anxiety in FOG as a causal factor, pathophysiological marker, and manifestation of a common pathophysiological process versus a consequence of FOG itself. Clarifying the relationship between anxiety and FOG could reveal anxiety reduction as a therapy for FOG.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document