Ternary mixtures of phosphonium ionic liquids + organic solvents + water

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahana A. Chowdhury ◽  
Janet L. Scott ◽  
Douglas R. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Tie Line

Ionic liquids (ILs) and water are both potentially green solvents that are useful in a variety of extraction processes. This report presents the ternary phase diagrams and tie-line data of trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide [P6,6,6,14][DCA], phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate [P6,6,6,14][((CH3)3C5H8)2PO2], and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate [emim][C2H5SO4] ILs in organic solvents (ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene) and water. [P6,6,6,14][DCA] and [P6,6,6,14][((CH3)3C5H8)2PO2] tended to yield emulsions when combined with water and ethanol, while [emim][C2H5SO4] combined with toluene and water provided two clear phases of reasonable viscosity. The compositions of the ternary mixtures were determined to obtain the tie-lines. A noticeable difference was observed for the tie-lines of the same IL (e.g., [P6,6,6,14][DCA]) with different organic solvents (ethanol and acetonitrile) and water mixtures. In all cases, the addition of ethanol eventually produced a single phase.

Equilibrium tie-line in PrOy–BaO–CuO ternary phase diagram around peritectic temperature of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Tagami ◽  
Makoto Kambara ◽  
Takateru Umeda ◽  
Yuh Shiohara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Peritectic Temperature ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Epma Analysis ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Quantitative Epma ◽  
Tie Line

This paper presents tie-lines between Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ and liquid on a PrOy –BaO–CuO ternary phase diagram at 965, 970, 975, 980, and 990 °C in air atmosphere, for which knowledge is necessary to fabricate composition controlled Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ single crystals by the solution growth method. Liquidus faces have been investigated by dipping MgO single crystal rods into the thermal equilibrium melt at various temperatures and analyzing the composition of the adhering melt by ICP. The compositions of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ solid solution coexisting with various compositions of liquids were obtained by quantitative EPMA analysis of quenched melts. Tie-lines were calculated by applying the lever rule to these experimental data for solid compositions and liquidus faces. Furthermore, the relationships between solid solubilities and peritectic temperatures of Pr1+xBa2−xCu3O7−δ are reported.

scholarly journals III. On certain ternary alloys. Part V. Determination of various critical curves, and their tie-lines and limiting points

1892 ◽  
Vol 50 (302-307) ◽  
pp. 372-395 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Conjugate Point ◽  
Critical Curve ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Conjugate Points ◽  
Critical Curves ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Tie Line

The triangular method of graphical representation suggested by Sir G. G. Stokes, and described in Part IV (‘Roy. Soc. Proc.,’ vol. 49, p. 174), substantially amounts to the tracing out of a curve (“ critical curve”) which shall express the saturation of the solvent C with a mixture in given variable proportions of the other two constituents, A, B ; the variation being such that any given point on the curve is related to some other point (“ conjugate point ”) in a way given by the consideration that all mixtures of the three constituents, A, B, C, represented by points lying on the line (“ tie-line ”) joining these two conjugate points (“ ideal ” alloys, or mixtures), will separate into two different ternary mixtures corresponding with the two points respectively ; whereas any mixture of the same constituents, repre­sented by a point lying outside the critical curve, will form a “ real ” alloy, or mixture, not separating spontaneously into two different fluids but existing as a stable homogeneous whole.

Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Mixtures Containing Ionic Liquids and Organic Solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
S. Bhagour ◽  
S. Solanki ◽  
A. Rohilla
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ternary Mixtures

scholarly journals Phase Manifestation and Formation of Nanoemulsions Composed of Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquid, Tween 80/Span 80 and Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
S. H. Ng ◽  
P. M. WOI ◽  
C. C. ENG
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Good Stability ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Span 80

onic liquids (ILs) can enhance topical and transdermal delivery, as well as increase the solubility of sparingly soluble drugs. In the present work, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of emulsions were composed of a mixture of non-ionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80®) and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80®) in weight fraction: 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 2:3, LabrafacTM Lipophile WL 1349 as an oil phase and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [(HMIM) (Cl)] as a continuous phase. Emulsion formulations were selected with 10% surfactants from the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and further prepared at 298.2 ± 0.1 K. Acoustic emulsificationmethod was used to prepare nanoemulsions that were mixed with freshly prepared hydrocolloid gum. The area of the single-phase zone in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams that varied with Tween 80® /Span 80® ratio in the order of 2:1 > 1:1 > 2:3 > 1:2 where Span 80® was replaced by an equivalent weight of Tween 80®  to form IL-based nanoemulsions. [HMIM] [Cl] tended to create a two-phase system. Addition of carbopol® ultrez 20 copolymer into the continuous phase of the formulations gave single-phase nanoemulsions with good stability. The mixture of surfactants with weight ratio of 1:2 (Tween 80®/Span 80®) showed a good stability with the smallest particle size and greater surface charges in the system. These ionic liquid-based nanoemulsions might have the potential in drug delivery systems.

Crystalline and Liquid Phases in the Systems MeX2/Aniline/Water (Me-Ni,Co;X=NO,ClO4)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Michacl Mahr ◽  
Helmut Paulus ◽  
Konrad G. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Nickel Perchlorate

Abstract Nickel nitrate, nickel Perchlorate and cobalt nitrate can form homogeneous liquid phases with aniline and water. The shapes of the single phase regions in the ternary phase diagrams were determined. Five types of crystals were obtained in the system nickel nitrate/aniline/water. The structures of Ni(NO3)2 · 6C6H7N · 2H2O, Ni(NO3)2 ·4C6H7N · 2H2O , and Ni(NO3)2 ·2C6H7N · 4H2O have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All structures show chains of nickel ions and nitrate ions connected by water or aniline molecules. They can be interpreted as one dimensional ion pairs.

Substitution Behavior of Ni3X-type Compounds with D0a Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugimura ◽  
Y. Kaneno ◽  
T. Takasugi
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Host Compound ◽  
Ternary Additions ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTThe site preference of ternary additions in GCP (geometrically close-packed) Ni3X-type compounds with D0a structure was determined from the direction of the single-phase region of the D0a phase in the reported ternary phase diagrams. The thermodynamic model based on the Bragg-Williams approximation, which is based on the change in heat of formation of the host compound by a small addition of ternary solute, was applied to predict the site preference of ternary additions. The heat of formation used in the thermodynamic calculation was derived from Miedema’s formula. Good agreement was obtained between the thermodynamic model and the result of the literature search.

Formation of Solid Solution and Ternary Phase Diagrams of Anthracene and Phenanthrene in Different Organic Solvents

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suping Ding ◽  
Qiuxiang Yin ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Xiaowei Sun ◽  
Baohong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams
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