Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes of Benzamide and Acetamide with 4-substituted Phenols Using X-band Microwave Frequency

At 308 K, using a 9.37 GHz dielectric relaxation setup, dielectric studies of hydrogen bonded complexes of benzamide and acetamide with 4-fluorophenol, 4-bromophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 4-iodophenol in benzene were performed. Various dielectric parameters (such as ??, ??, ?0, and ??) were tested. The steric interactions of the proton donor determined the group rotation relaxation time t(2), whereas the significance of Higasi’s single frequency method for multiple relaxation time t(1) was determined by the hydrogen bonding power of the phenolic hydrogen. The presence of a 1:1 complex system between the prepared samples, as well as a charge transfer between the free hydroxyl group of phenols and the carbonyl group of amides was confirmed by the fact that the relaxation time and molar free energy activation of the 1:1 molar ratio were greater than some other higher molar ratios (i.e. 3:1, 2:1, 1:2, 1:3).

Analyzing the Application of Void Decks on High-rise Affordable Housing in Jakarta, Indonesia, to Achieve Optimal Urban Ventilation

Economic growth in ASEAN countries encourages significant urbanized growth. In line with the growth of urbanization, large swathes of residential buildings have been constructed in urban areas, especially, in the case of Indonesia, through the government's 1000 rusun (high-rise affordable housing) development program in Jakarta. In order to reduce energy consumption and create a sustainable rusun, a passive strategy is needed in the form of natural air conditioning through optimized natural ventilation in these buildings. In this study, testing was conducted on Rusun Rorotan in Jakarta, from two wind source directions (north and northwest) with five void decks configuration samples each, in order to determine wind flow and wind speed patterns in the Rusun area. For this purpose, the wind tunnel simulation method using the Butterfly plugin in Grasshopper was employed. T These results should provide a reference for future residential property developers, especially in the scope of other countries in ASEAN, which have similar climatic conditions to that of Indonesia.

BCSA Rawmix Design: Correlation between Chemical Constituents and Mineralogy

The cement industry has been identified as one of the main contributors to climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2. Therefore, to meet CO2 reduction targets, cement producers are working on different methods of minimizing its emission, one of which is alternative clinkers. This study assessed the impact of variations of the raw mix design, concerning the type and proportions of materials, on the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate belite-type clinkers. Various materials were used to produce raw mixes for different percentages of belite, yeeliminite, and other minerals in resultant clinkers. Computer-based theoretical mix designs were designed with different percentages of SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SO3 and then the designed mixes were fired in a laboratory furnace at 1250oC with 20 min retention time. The resultant clinker samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction for product minerals. The quantification of minerals in every sample was carried out with Rietveld refinement. The obtained results confirmed the correlation between the mineralogy and chemical constituents in the raw mix. The C4AF percentage of the resultant clinker samples increased with an increase in Fe2O3 percentage. C4A3$ content varied with the amounts of Al2O3, SO3, and CaO. The mineral percentage of C2S in the designed mixes had a clear correlation with the constituents of SiO2 and CaO. Anhydrite percentage in the resultant minerals changed with the SO3 content in the raw mix. These results should aid in the determination of the optimum amount of chemical constituents and minerals required for the development of calcium sulphoaluminate clinker.

Rapid Land Assessment for Salt Farming Development in the Coastal Area of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The government of Indonesia has faced several challenges to its goal of achieving salt self-sufficiency, necessitating the formulation and implementation of strategic steps to increase salt production. Among its islands, Java has a great deal of potential for salt production, as does the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where the government has initiated salt farming development as part of its coastal community empowerment program. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the land suitability of existing salt farms and (2) identify potential sites and make a productivity estimation of salt farms in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, with the broad objective of demonstrating a rapid land assessment for salt farming development using the combination GIS and field survey. The approach was carried out in three phases; i.e., the analyses of land availability, land characteristics, and land recommendations. On-screen digitizing using GIS was applied to identify land availability through several data sources (satellite imagery and a land-use map from the Indonesian topographic map). This process led to the discovery of 19 sites. Land characteristics and land recommendations analysis were carried out in those sites, resulting in multiple land suitability classes, mostly in the S2 class (moderately suitable). Several impediment factors, such as wind, material texture, and temperature, were also identified, along with other obstacles including high tide and tsunami exposure. In terms of supporting the Indonesian salt self-sufficiency program, these results are significant, with salt productivity estimations of the potential sites meeting the target set by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia.

Potential of Three Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) Cultivars as Animal Feed

The growth and yield of taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) plants are influenced by the planting material. The use of planting material derived from corms is expected to improve the quality and quantity of taro growth and yield. This research aimed to find the best type of planting material and cultivars for taro growth and the potential of taro plants as animal feed. The experiment was carried out in Jember, East Java ( elevation ±89 m asl). The experiment used the randomized completed block design method with two treatment factors, the type of planting material (B) as the first factor (B1: taro corms, B2: taro tiller, B3: taro stolon) and the use of taro cultivars (V) as the second factor (V1: green taro, V2: ketan taro, V3: Sukabumi taro). The treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that there was an interaction between the use of taro planting material and taro cultivar that could influence the tuber weight per plant. The types of planting material had a significant effect on the number of tillers, leaf area, corm weight and diameter, and the planting of several taro cultivars significantly affected all observed variables. The treatment that gave the best results was planting material from taro tuber (B1) and Sukabumi cultivar (V3) with a tuber weight yield of 362.58 g (±14.5 tons/ha). Meanwhile, the Sukabumi cultivar (V3) had the best potential as animal feed. Overall, the stems and leaves of taro had a protein content of 1.19–2.02%, while the corms had 2.82–4.09%.

Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-built and Heat-treated Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Alloy

Additive manufacturing technology is becoming popular in the industry because it allows the manufacturer to fabricate cost-effective, strong, lightweight, and complex-shaped parts directly from 3D design data as compared with the conventional manufacturing method. Inconel 718 alloy is the most demanding material in aviation as well as in the automobile industry, in terms of manufacturing high-performance parts. In this study, Inconel 718 samples were built using the direct metal laser sintering process, and standard heat treatment was performed on the samples to improve their microstructure and mechanical properties. The as-built samples exhibited good grain structure with fine laves phases, but the matrix was free from ?' and ?" phases. During the heat treatment, the strengthening phases ?' and ?" precipitated. The mechanical properties of as-built and heat-treated samples were analysed and compared. Tensile tests revealed that the direct-aged sample had the higher tensile strength compared with the other conditions, whereas the as-built samples had higher ductility. Finally, fractography and microstructure analysis were performed to measure the failure modes of tensile specimens.

Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils and Sediments in the Abandoned Mercury Mine Site in Puerto Princesa City, Philippines

An abandoned mercury mine area in Puerto Princesa City, which was previously operated by Palawan Quicksilver Mines, Inc. (PQMI) from 1953 to 1976, is known for its unrehabilitated open-pit of mercury-rich rocks and exposed mine waste calcine stockpiles in the vicinity. In order to establish an understanding on the geology of the abandoned mercury mine deposit and to obtain clues in determining the possible metal pollutants in the area, measurement of trace element concentrations of soil and sediments collected from the PQMI vicinity were conducted. Soil and sediment samples were analyzed for heavy metals, rare-earth elements and naturally occurring radioactive elements and determined its contamination factor as part of risk assessment. Analytical results showed that aside from mercury, several heavy metals (nickel, chromium, manganese) were found to be anomalous due to the geology of the area. Statistical analyses show that chromium, nickel and antimony present the highest contamination factor among the sampling groups. Mercury is found to have negative bias with higher rare earth elements concentration but positively correlated with arsenic, antimony, and thallium. In general, there is low concentration of rare earth elements (except for scandium) in comparison with its respective average crustal concentration. Due to the nature of geology in the area, naturally occurring radioactive elements influence is also minimal. The results of this study, especially on the assessment of soil and sediment pollutants, are recommended as guidance to its mine rehabilitation.

Constructing an Imaginary Wall in the Ocean: A Technical Cartography Study on the Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries in the Provinces of South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung Islands Based on GIS

Marine management areas in Indonesia can be claimed 12 nautical miles from the coastline by regional governments, according to Law 23 of 2014. However, in reality, there are many provinces whose distances to other provinces are fewer than 2 × 12 nautical miles, necessitating that they be delimited fairly and proportionally. The provinces of South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung Islands are such an example. The absence of clear boundaries drawn on the national map of Indonesia was the fundamental problem and focus of this study, owing to the need for delimitation of regional sea boundaries. The delimitation method used to obtain the median line was the equidistance principle using the basepoint to basepoint approach and baseline to baseline, within the consideration of the coastline proportion. Small islands are taken into account as a highly influencing factor and cause of the deviation from the pure median line. The median line results based on the basepoint to basepoint approach showed an area of the ocean as large as 7426.24:5973.41 km2, considering the coastline proportion. Meanwhile, with the baseline to baseline approach, resulting area was 7430.65:5956.13 km2 (South Sumatra:Bangka Belitung Islands). The equidistance principle is a comprehensive method for calculating the median line, as shown in this research.

Harnessing Multi-label Classification Approaches for Economic Phenomena Categorization

One fashion to report a country’s economic state is by compiling economic phenomena from several sources. The collected data may be explored based on their sentiments and economic categories. This research attempted to perform and analyze multiple approaches to multi-label text classification in addition to providing sentiment analysis on the economic phenomena. The sentiment and single-label category classification was performed utilizing the logistic regression model. Meanwhile, the multi-label category classification was fulfilled using a combination of logistic regression, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbor, naïve Bayes, and decision trees as base classifiers, with binary relevance, classifier chain, and label power set as the implementation approaches. The results showed that logistic regression works well in sentiment and single-label classification, with a classification accuracy of 80.08% and 92.71%, respectively. However, it was also discovered that it works poorly as a base classifier in multi-label classification, indicated by the classification accuracy dropping to 13.35%, 15.40%, and 30.65% for binary relevance, classifier chain, and label power set, respectively. Alternatively, naïve Bayes works best as a base classifier in the label power set approach for multi-label classification, with a classification accuracy of 63.22%, followed by decision trees and support vector machines.

Recent Advances in the Use of Transglutaminase in Cheese Production

Various enzymes are used in the food industry to improve product quality. The enzyme transglutaminase is used to modify proteins in various foods through the formation of inter- and intramolecular ?-(?-glutamyl) lysine bonds. Previous studies have revealed that using transglutaminase in cheese production can increase the yield and enhance the characteristics of various types of cheese. However, the enzyme concentration, temperature, and pH influence the quality of cheese. This review aimed to discuss the potential of transglutaminase in cheese production. Our analysis showed that transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between milk proteins (crosslinking), which results in a greater amount of casein trapped from whey and a higher yield of curd. Transglutaminase can also reduce production costs without negatively affecting cheese quality. These findings should prove useful in developing cheese products to improve consumer satisfaction.