Mothers Parenting a Child With Intellectual Disability in Urban India: An Application of the Stress and Resilience Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aesha John ◽  
Martha Zapata Roblyer
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Resilience Framework ◽  
Indian Mothers

Abstract We examined relevance of the key constructs of the stress and resilience framework in the urban Indian context. Analyses of interviews with urban Indian mothers (N = 47) of a 3–6 year old child with intellectual disability generated themes on maternal appraisals of the child's disability, perceived stressors, and resources. Mothers seemed to utilize a combination of fact-based and religious explanation to make sense of their child's disability. Parental stressors ranged from child-related factors (diagnosis, behavioral problems) to financial and family-level challenges. However, participants also reported a number of personal, family-level, and societal resources that helped them cope with the stressors. Study findings are discussed in the context of implications for practice, policy, and research.

scholarly journals Intellectual disability and mental disorders in a US population representative sample of adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Platt ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Alan S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples

AbstractBackgroundMost research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of US adolescents and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders.MethodsData were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N= 6256). ID was defined as: (1) IQ ⩽ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; (2) an adaptive behavior score ⩽76, and (3) age of onset ⩽18 measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed 15 lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID.ResultsID prevalence was 3.2%. Among adolescents with ID, 65.1% met lifetime criteria for a mental disorder. ID status was associated with specific phobia, agoraphobia, and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders after adjustment for socio-demographics. Adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID.ConclusionsThese findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.General Scientific SummaryCurrent definitions of intellectual disability (ID) are based on three criteria: formal designation of low intelligence through artificial problem-solving tasks, impairment in one's ability to function in his/her social environment, and early age of onset. In a national population sample of adolescents, the majority of those with ID met criteria for a lifetime mental disorder. Phobias and bipolar disorder, but not behavior disorders, were elevated in adolescents with ID. Findings highlight the need to consider how behavioral problems are conceptualized and classified in people with ID.

Dystrophinopathy in a Family Due to a Rare Nonsense Mutation Causing Predominant Behavioral Phenotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Yohei Harada ◽  
Seth T. Sorensen ◽  
Akilandeswari Aravindhan ◽  
Vikki Stefans ◽  
Aravindhan Veerapandiyan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Becker Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Dmd Gene ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits

AbstractDystrophinopathies are a group of X-linked neuromuscular disorders resulting from mutations in DMD gene that encodes dystrophin. The clinical spectrum includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, X-linked cardiomyopathy, and intellectual disability without involvement of skeletal muscle. Cognitive and behavioral problems are commonly seen among patients with dystrophinopathy. DMD gene is the largest human gene, consisting of 79 exons that produce dystrophin protein. Patients with genetic changes involving shorter dystrophin isoforms such as Dp140 and Dp71 are suggested to have higher rates of intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities. We describe three brothers who presented with prominent neurobehavioral deficits of varying degree, mild proximal weakness, and elevated serum creatine kinase due to a rare nonsense mutation, c.1702C > T; p.Gln568X, in exon 14 of DMD gene. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of this rare mutation.

scholarly journals Theory of mind and problem behavior in people with intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Marija Cvijetić ◽  
Mirjana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction. Behavioral problems are more common in people with intellectual disability than in typical population and present an obstacle to their adaptive functioning and social inclusion. Since adjusted social behavior requires, among other things, an adequate understanding and interpretation of thoughts and behavior of others, theory of mind could be one of the factors of adjusted behavior and behavioral problems in people with intellectual disability. Objective. The aim of this paper is to single out the research in which the issue of the relationship between the ability of theory of mind and behavioral problems of people with intellectual disabilities has been addressed, through a literature review. Methods. Insight into the available literature was performed by searching the electronic databases that are available through the services of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition - KOBSON, as well as through Google Scholar and Research Gate. Results. Based on the analyzed research results, it can be concluded that there is a negative correlation between theory of mind and behavioral problems, both in children and in adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. While some studies have found a direct link between theory of mind and behavioral problems, others have found that this link is indirect, whereby the role of intermediaries tend to have executive functions, social acceptance, quality of parental interaction and resilience. Conclusion. Since the results of several studies suggest that more advanced theory of mind enables more successful social interactions and more adjusted behavior, it is necessary to enrich the education of people with intellectual disability with contents related to understanding thoughts, emotions, desires and intentions, as one of the elements of approach to treatment, in order to prevent problematic behaviors.

scholarly journals Modelling Service Quality Offered by Signalized Intersections from Automobile Users’ Perspective in Urban Indian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 904-922
Author(s):  
Manaswinee Kar ◽  
Suprava Jena ◽  
Abhishek Chakraborty ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Urban Indian
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