The Relationship Between Pain, Self-Injury, and Other Problem Behaviors in Young Children With Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Courtemanche ◽  
William R. Black ◽  
R. Matthew Reese
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Children's Pain ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Research has suggested that individuals who engage in self-injurious behavior may have enhanced expressions of pain, which contradicts previous assertions of blunted pain sensitivity in this population. The purpose of this study was to measure expressions of pain among young children being evaluated for autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. The frequency of pain-related behaviors was assessed during everyday routines using the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist (NCCPC-R) for 51 children. Significant group differences between children with and without self-injury were found for the NCCPC-R total scores. The frequency and severity of self-injury, aggression, and stereotypy were also highly correlated with the total scores on the NCCPC-R. These results continue to support that individuals with self-injury may have enhanced expressions of pain.

scholarly journals Distress and academic achievement among adolescents of affluence: A study of externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors and school performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia S. Ansary ◽  
Suniya S. Luthar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Classroom Adjustment ◽  
Internalizing Problem ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe main objectives of this study were to prospectively examine the relationship between externalizing (substance use and delinquency) and internalizing (depression and anxiety) dimensions and academic achievement (grades and classroom adjustment), as well as continuity over time in these domains, within a sample of wealthy adolescents followed from 10th to 12th grades (n = 256). In both parts of the study, cluster analyses were used to group participants at 10th grade and then group differences were evaluated on adjustment outcomes over time. In Part 1, problem behavior clusters revealed differences on academic indices with the two marijuana using groups—marijuana users and multiproblem youth—exhibiting the worst academic outcomes at all three waves. For Part 2, the two lowest achieving groups reported the highest distress across all externalizing dimensions over time. Stability across the three waves was found for both personal and academic competence as well as the associations between these two domains. Results are discussed in relation to intervention efforts targeting wealthy students at risk.

Relationship Violence among Adolescent Mothers: Frequency, Dyadic Nature, and Implications for Relationship Dissolution and Mental Health

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Milan ◽  
Jessica Lewis ◽  
Kathleen Ethier ◽  
Trace Kershaw ◽  
Jeannette R. Ickovics
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Relationship Dissolution ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Violence Prevention Programs

This article examines whether the frequency, dyadic nature, and potential implications of relationship violence differ in parenting ( n = 163) and nulliparous (i.e., never given birth; n = 165) adolescent females from low-income, urban communities. We found the frequency and dyadic nature of violence did not differ between parental status groups. Over half of the adolescents in both groups reported relationship violence in the past year, with female-enacted violence more common than male-enacted violence. However, significant group differences emerged in the relationship between violence and subsequent relationship dissolution and mental health. Higher levels of female-enacted violence predicted relationship dissolution among nulliparous adolescents but predicted increases in depression in parenting adolescents. Findings highlight the need for violence prevention programs tailored specifically to the developmental and contextual needs of adolescent mothers.

Parent Ratings of Generalized and Indirect Effects of Functional Communication Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552110188
Author(s):  
Matthew J. O’Brien ◽  
Kelly E. Pelzel ◽  
Nicole M. Hendrix ◽  
Kelly M. Schieltz ◽  
Kenzie Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parent Stress ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Training Context

Functional communication training (FCT) is a behavioral treatment that has been shown to reduce problem behavior and increase appropriate communication in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we assessed the effects of FCT on targeted and nontargeted problem behaviors outside of the training context, as well as parent stress, for 30 young children with ASD and their parents. Indirect measures of generalization treatment effects were administered prior to and following FCT treatment delivered via telehealth. Children demonstrated significant improvement on both targeted (measured via observation) and nontargeted (measured via checklist) problem behaviors, both within and outside of the training context, and parent stress was significantly reduced following treatment. These results suggest that the impact of FCT may extend beyond the training context for both the children being treated and the parents delivering treatment, even when generalization is not specifically programmed for during treatment.

The relationship between atypical visual processing and social skills in young children with autism

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Hellendoorn ◽  
Irene Langstraat ◽  
Lex Wijnroks ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Emma van Daalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
The Relationship

Poor readers are not easy to fool: Comprehension of adjectives with exceptional control properties

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Macaruso ◽  
Donald Shankweiler ◽  
Brian Byrne ◽  
Stephen Crain
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Syntactic Knowledge ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Good And Poor Readers

ABSTRACTAn earlier experiment by Byrne (1981) found that young, poor readers tend to act out sentences containing adjectives with object control, like easy, as though they were adjectives with subject control, like eager. Byrne interpreted this result as evidence that poor readers lag in the acquisition of syntactic knowledge underlying this distinction. However, the possibility that a processing limitation could have contributed to the poor readers' difficulties with objectcontrol adjectives had not been fully explored. In an effort to tease apart these alternatives, we tested comprehension of object-control adjectives in second grade good and poor readers, using both an act-out task and a sentence-picture matching task. Contrary to Byrne's (1981) results, we did not find significant group differences in interpreting object-control adjectives with either task. Reasons for the discrepancy are suggested, and remedies for the pitfalls in designing experiments to assess syntactic knowledge in young children are proposed.

scholarly journals Examining a stepped-care telehealth program for parents of young children with autism: a proof-of-concept trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Wainer ◽  
Zachary E. Arnold ◽  
Caroline Leonczyk ◽  
Latha Valluripalli Soorya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Family Quality Of Life ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Significant Group

Abstract Background Intervention during the first years of life for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have the strongest impact on long-term brain development and functioning. Yet, barriers such as a shortage of trained professionals contribute to significant delays in service. The goal of this proof-of-concept study was to explore strategies that support timely and equitable deployment of ASD-specific interventions. Methods This 15-week, randomized proof-of-concept study explored the acceptability of a digital parent mediated intervention online reciprocal imitation training (RIT; a naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention) and compared it to a treatment as usual (TAU) control on parent and child outcomes. Eligible children were between 18 and 60 months, met the cutoff for ASD on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2nd Edition and demonstrate significant social imitation deficits. Primary outcomes include the acceptability of RIT (Scale of Treatment Perceptions) and the feasibility of the Online RIT digital intervention (online RIT attributes). Secondary outcomes included parent fidelity (RIT parent fidelity form) and parental self-efficacy (Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale). Exploratory outcome measures included child social communication (Social Communication Checklist), child imitation skills (Unstructured Imitation Assessment), and family quality of life (Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale). Results Twenty participants were randomized in a 1:1 fashion. The acceptability and feasibility of RIT and the Online RIT digital intervention were rated highly. Among the secondary outcomes, there were significant group differences in parent fidelity (p < .001) and self-efficacy (p = .029). On exploratory outcomes, there were group differences in child social communication (p = .048). There were no significant group differences in imitation ability (p = .05) or family quality of life (p = .22). Limitations There are several limitations with this study, including the small sample size as well as lack of data on enactment and website engagement. This study was not able to address questions related to which variables predict program engagement and treatment response, which will be critical for determining which families may benefit from such a stepped-care delivery model. Conclusions Overall, the Online RIT program delivered in a stepped-care format shows strong acceptability and holds promise as an innovative delivery model. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04467073. Registered 10 July 2020- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467073

The Relationship Between Plasma Oxytocin and Executive Functioning in Huntington’s Disease: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emily R. Fisher ◽  
Natalia P. Rocha ◽  
Diego A. Morales-Scheihing ◽  
Venugopal Reddy Venna ◽  
Erin E. Furr-Stimming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Plasma Measurement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functioning Assessment

The role of oxytocin (OT) in social cognition of patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) has been studied, but its impact on executive functioning has not been explored yet. Healthy controls, premanifest HD, and manifest HD participants underwent executive functioning assessment and OT plasma measurement. There were no significant group differences in plasma OT levels. Higher OT levels were associated with better executive functioning in premanifest HD participants. Our findings revealed an association between OT levels and depressive symptoms in premanifest and manifest HD participants. The potential role of OT in HD deserves further investigation.

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