Re-educating Namibia: The Early Years of Radical Education Reform, 1990-1995

This chapter discusses the development of children’s policy during the early years of the Labour Government focusing on the reform priorities of the Prime Minister Tony Blair and the Chancellor Gordon Brown. Blair’s key children’s policy priorities were education reform and tackling ‘problem’ young people. Alongside this the Brown led Treasury pursued a ‘progressive universal’ approach to reducing child poverty involving reform of tax and benefits and investment in public services. It is argued that the Treasury’s control over the departmental spending review process provided it with a more effective lever to influence policy-making in Whitehall departments compared to No 10. It is also argued that the Treasury turned to representatives of children’s sector NGOs to bolster the case for tackling child poverty within government and to act as an alternative source of policy expertise to departmental civil servants and local statutory agencies perceived to be resistant to reform. It was during this period that the Treasury’s flagship Sure Start programme was initiated.

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Early Childhood Curriculum Reform in Saudi Arabia Conceptualization of Theories in Early Childhood Curricula: Three Models

Journal of Curriculum and Teaching ◽

10.5430/jct.v8n3p24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Sama Khomais ◽

Nahla Gahwaji

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Education Reform ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Curriculum Reform ◽

Early Years ◽

Early Childhood Curriculum ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Te Whāriki

In recent developments, early childhood education in Saudi Arabia have captured political and governmentalinterests, conceiving the promising returns of investing in early years. This research has adopted an analyticaldescriptive approach through content analysis of curriculum philosophy (theories and principles) of three models ofearly childhood curricula. They were chosen deliberately, considering the elements of the curriculum, effectivenessin implementation and or achieving the desired learning outcomes. The selected curricula include, HighScope,Foundation Stage, and Te Whāriki. The analysis concludes that there is a general agreement about the structure andelements of EC curriculum. Perspective of children as learners, teachers’ roles, learning environment are wellprofound in the three curricula supported by theoretical and empirical evidence. Nevertheless, challenges are stillconsidered as opportunities for revising and evaluating our beliefs and understandings in order to maintain theimprovements in ECE profession and to cope with the education reform in Saudi Arabia.

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The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x13009850 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 102-129

Author(s):

ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽

EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

El Salvador ◽

Early Years ◽

Left Wing ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

Internal Coherence ◽

The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141950 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

J. E. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Image Quality ◽

High Speed ◽

Early Period ◽

Early Years ◽

Fluorescent Screen ◽

Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

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