scholarly journals Short and long-term impact of trade openness on financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Yu Ho ◽  
Bernard Njindan Iyke
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Analysis of Savings-Investment Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does the nexus between Foreign Remittances and Domestic Financial Sector matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Adeniyi ◽  
Joshua Ogunjimi ◽  
Wasiu Adekunle ◽  
Musibau Babatunde ◽  
Edward Omiwale
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract In recent times, increasing attention is being paid to examine the developmental impact of remittances inflow, particularly due to the emergence of remittances as the fastest growing source of capital flows for developing countries. To this end, we contribute to the literature by analyzing the interactive effects of remittances and financial development on savings-investment gap for a panel of 18 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period of 1990 to 2017. Our Panel ARDL model estimation showed that higher remittances have significant reducing effect on savings-investment gap in the long run, and this becomes magnified while accounting for individual and interactive effects of remittances and financial development. We also uncovered the widening effects of rising real GDP growth and bank deposits over a long-term horizon, whereas higher private sector credit widens the savings-investment gap only in the short-run. Meanwhile, liquid liabilities have no significant effect on savings-investment gap both in the short run and long run. We further offered evidence on the complementarity and substitutability effects of remittances and financial development over the short-term and long-term horizons, respectively. We also demonstrated the superior forecast accuracy of the predictive savings-investment gap model - that accounts for both individual and interactive effects - over other specifications, and this is robust to the choice of financial development indicators, samples and forecast horizons. Our results underscore the urgent need for a reduction of transfer costs, so as to encourage both migrant workers and their beneficiaries to make use of the official channels for sending and receiving remittances in the region.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050016
Author(s):  
OBINNA FRANKLIN EZEIBEKWE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
National Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan

What are the economic, political, institutional, socio-cultural, and geographical determinants of financial development in developing countries? This paper uses the two-way fixed effects (with clustered standard errors) and annual panel data from 1980 to 2018 for 69 developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, East and South Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean to address this question. The principal component analysis is employed to construct a financial development index based on three financial development indicators. This study builds on the previous studies by introducing new potential determinants of financial development such as the perception of corruption, and by exploring important quadratic and interaction effects. The results show that national income, trade openness, indices of political stability and Polity2 (a democracy score), perception of corruption, the predominant religion in the countries, and geographical factors such as territorial access to the sea explain the differences in the levels of financial development across countries and regions. A rise in national income leads to a higher level of financial development and countries with a high perceived level of corruption have a lower level of financial development. There is strong evidence of threshold effects as trade openness has a diminishing marginal effect on financial development while the auxiliary growth regressions show that financial development has an increasing marginal effect on national income. Of the five regions studied, East and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have the highest and lowest levels of financial development, respectively. Also, fuel-exporting countries, least developed countries, and landlocked countries tend to have lower levels of financial development. These results have relevant policy implications for developing countries in their continued efforts to achieve better financial development and ultimately, sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Financial Development and Economic Growth: Case of Mali

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Dr N’Diaye Mamadou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Short And Long Term

This article examines the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Mali. The process by which financial development affects economic growth in Mali has been observed: first, by regressing a growth equation, and second, by Granger causality. To do this, the ordinary least squares method is used to estimate an error correction model over the period 1980-2015. The results obtained show that bank deposits and loans to the economy have a negative and significant effect on short-term economic growth. Moreover, the money supply has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the short and long term. Moreover, public spending and trade openness has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, in the short and long term for the former and, in the long term for the latter. In addition, no Granger causal link was detected. A probable improvement lies in the continuation of the reforms, already undertaken by the CBWAS.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains in six African countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebareng G. Rakau ◽  
Martin M. Nyaga ◽  
Maemu P. Gededzha ◽  
Jason M. Mwenda ◽  
M. Jeffrey Mphahlele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Background: G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia.Methods: The investigation was carried out by comparing VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and mapping the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains.Results: The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 genes of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid level, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, although there was a unique clustering of the Ethiopian strains. The study strains shared a common ancestry with G12 strains circulating globally. Neutralization epitope mapping revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acids similar to those reported globally including the vaccines RotaTeq® P[8] and Rotarix®.Conclusions: It is unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Furthermore, it is too early post vaccine introduction to indicate any effect of vaccine-induced pressure on maintaining the stability of these strains in circulation. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.

scholarly journals Evidence for the impact of malaria on agricultural household income in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Willis ◽  
Nick Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Household ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background: Progress in suppressing malaria over the next two decades may have a significant impact on poverty among agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa. A recent study found that if malaria were eradicated by 2040, poverty rates among such households would fall by 4 to 26 percentage points more from 2018 to 2040 than if the burden of malaria remained at its current level. The relatively wide range of these estimates is due to a lack of evidence regarding the long-term impact of suppressing malaria on the incomes of agricultural households. The objective of this study is to describe a research framework that would generate the necessary evidence for developing more precise estimates. Methods: First, we developed a conceptual framework for understanding the potential long-term impact of suppressing malaria on the incomes of agricultural households. Next, we established a research framework for examining each component of the conceptual framework. Results: Our proposed research framework enables a comprehensive examination of how malaria affects the decisions, productivity, harvest value and expenditures due to morbidity and mortality within an agricultural household. This contrasts with the 27 existing relevant studies that we have identified, of which 23 focused only on household productivity and expenditures, two focused on decisions, and two focused on harvest values. Conclusion: By implementing the research framework presented in this study, we will increase our knowledge of how suppressing malaria over the next two decades would affect the incomes of agricultural households in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence generated from the framework will inform funding allocation decisions for malaria elimination initiatives.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains collected in six African countries between 2010 and 2014 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebareng G. Rakau ◽  
Martin M. Nyaga ◽  
Maemu P. Gededzha ◽  
Jason M. Mwenda ◽  
M. Jeffrey Mphahlele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Background: G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains associated with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia. Methods: The investigation was carried out by comparing partial VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and exploring the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains. Results: The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 genes of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are closely related at the nucleotide and amino acid level, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, although there was a unique clustering of the Ethiopian strains. Neutralization epitope screening revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acids similar to those reported globally including the vaccines RotaTeq and Rotarix. Conclusions: At present it appears to be unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.

Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar Diallo ◽  
Fulbert Tchana Tchana ◽  
Albert G. Zeufack
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Sub Saharan
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