Identification of zeolite using electrical resistivity tomography in Campang Tiga, South Lampung Regency

Currently, zeolites are widely used in various fields including horticultural, agricultural, household, industrial, water and wastewater management. Due to the increasing use of zeolites, it is estimated that the demand for zeolites will increase in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a survey to determine the potential of zeolites in an area. Campang Tiga is an area with quite a lot of potential zeolite and is exposed on the surface along with tuffs from the Lampung Formation. To estimate the potential zeolite in this area, it was carried out the Electrical Resistivity (ERT) measurements to determine the distribution and depth of the tuff layer associated with the zeolite. Measurements were made in 3 lines with an electrode spacing of 6 m using a dipole-dipole configuration. The result performs that the zeolites in the area are located at a depth of up to ∼ 10 m and are getting thicker towards the east until they reach a depth of ∼ 20 m. The results of this interpretation have been combined with the results of laboratory measurements of the resistivity value of zeolites in the area. Laboratory test results present that the zeolite resistivity value ranges from 20-300 Ωm.

Legislative landscape of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as feed

The demand for animal-based protein sources is increasing rapidly. The rearing of insects on bioproducts and their subsequent use as feedstock for animals has been receiving a lot of attention lately. Hermetia illucens, black soldier flies are highly investigated insects owing to their ability to reduce and transform different types of wastes, such as agricultural, household, municipal wastes, and human sludge. The nutritional composition and amino acid profile of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) raised on these organic wastes is similar to that of several feed constituents making it a suitable material for feed. However, the commercialisation of BSFL is limited due to prevailing unclear legislative requirements regarding their use as feed. In this paper, the legislative landscape involved in using BSFL as feed in different regions is addressed. European Union, Australia, Canada and USA specifically allow the trade and manufacture of BSFL as feed under specific conditions. Interestingly, most countries where entomophagy is a tradition, lack specific regulations concerning their use as feed and are currently drafting regulatory frameworks. Understanding the legislative layout is essential for harmonising the industrial upscaling of BSFL as animal feed.

Social Class Identity, Public Service Satisfaction, and Happiness of Residents: The Mediating Role of Social Trust

Happiness is the eternal pursuit of mankind and is also the ultimate goal of social governance and national development. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this study used a structural equation model to analyze the influence of social class identity and public service satisfaction on the happiness of residents. The effect of public service satisfaction and social trust between social class identity and residents’ happiness was tested using the Monte Carlo method. The empirical results show that social class identity, social trust, and public service satisfaction all had a significant positive impact on residents’ happiness. The influence coefficients of social class identity on the happiness of residents and on the satisfaction degree of public service for those born in the1970s group were greater than the 1980s and 1990s groups. The influence coefficients of social class identity on the happiness and public service satisfaction of non-agricultural household residents were greater than those of agricultural household residents. Therefore, to improve the happiness of residents, we should make new breakthroughs in the equality of quality and the quality of public services, promote the integration of urban and rural areas, highlight key areas of rural development, and increase the construction of basic public services for agricultural household residents.

Status of Agricultural Credit and Indebtedness in India: An Analysis

This article attempts to analyse status of agricultural credit and indebtedness in India. The objectives of the study are as follows: (a) to study a comparison of flow of total institutional agricultural credit among different land size groups at all India level; (b) to study a comparison of indebtedness of agricultural households between different size classes of land possessed at both states and all India level and (c) to analyse incidence of indebtedness in major Indian states. It is concluded that mostly, short- and medium-term loans of agricultural purposes are taken for marginal land size groups in India. The percentage of indebted agricultural households to total agricultural household increases as land size increases. The percentage of holdings is less than percentage of indebted agricultural households in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Odisha and Rajasthan. JEL Code: Q14

Income situation of agricultural households of EU countries

One of objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy is to ensure an appropriate living standard for agricultural households. The paper uses EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data to assess the income situation and living conditions of agricultural households. The agricultural household income does not reach the average household income in any of the EU countries. Multidimensional cluster analysis is applied to classify EU countries according to the income situation of agricultural households. The cluster analysis revealed five segments and the fact that living conditions at a satisfactory level can be achieved irrespective of the economic status of the agricultural household, although it depends on an appropriate setting of agricultural policy. The index of living conditions is constructed and used for the comparison. Based on the analysis results, the variables included in the assessment of the living standard of agricultural households should be taken into account when fulfilling the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, especially the part that relates to improving the living conditions of agricultural households. The current EU-SILC database is appropriate for the evaluation of the household income situation. However, it does not reflect the specifics of agricultural households, so additional measurement is needed.

Augmentation of farmers’ income in India through sustainable waste management techniques

The Government of India has envisaged a journey of doubling farmers’ income till 2022–2023 and envisioned many policy reforms for the same. Farmers in India rely on major farm produce and do not utilize the by-products or wastes emerging from their farms for monetary benefits. Sustainable utilization of agricultural, household and livestock waste have the potential in augmenting farmers’ income significantly which was established by conducting case studies in Ludhiana District of Punjab on three dairy farmers, each pursuing vermicomposting, biogas production and traditional composting. Comparative economic analysis in terms of various costs were worked out for vermicomposting, composting and biogas production. On analysis, it was found that the highest net returns per metric tonne of dung were obtained from vermicomposting (INR 2224.72, USD 29.42), followed by biogas production (INR 536.66, USD 7.10) and composting (INR 45.59, USD 0.60). Net returns from the dung obtained from one cattle equivalent were highest from vermicomposting (INR 11012.34, USD 145.64), followed by biogas production (INR 2656.74, USD 35.14) and composting (INR 225.68, USD 2.98). High profitability was accorded to vermicomposting because it is sold at remunerative prices. The study emphasizes the utilization of wastes through vermicomposting clubbed with biogas production for augmenting farmers’ income.

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF FAMILY EDUCATION AND SCHOOL AND KINDERGARTEN ADMISSION OF MIGRANT CHILDREN IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA: A SURVEY OF HANGZHOU, NINGBO AND JIAXING

<p>Based on a survey of 322 parents of migrant children aged 3 to 10 in Hangzhou, Ningbo and Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China, the study found that nearly 70% of parents have been working in Zhejiang for 5-10 years, and 28% of them have worked for more than 10 years; 94% of them hold agricultural household registration and 6% of them hold non-agricultural household registration. Nearly 70% of these families have 2 to 3 children and 16% of them have 4 children. Those children who can get into the local public kindergartens and primary schools are all study in the local institutions and most school-aged children and the majority of pre-school children who do not meet the admission requirements for local public kindergartens and primary schools return to their hometown due to the pressure of tuition fees. At the same time, family education is not efficient, more than half of the children’s spare time is occupied by television and video games, the proportion of reading and sports activities is only a little more than 10%. Most parents have little time to read, do homework and physical exercise with their children, because of their heavy work or low level of education. This paper puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions, hoping to change this situation.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0629/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>