The City Issue: San Juan, Puerto Rico

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Keyword(s):  
San Juan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Comarazamy ◽  
Jorge E. González ◽  
Jeffrey C. Luvall ◽  
Douglas L. Rickman ◽  
Pedro J. Mulero

Abstract This paper focuses on the surface–atmospheric interaction in a tropical coastal city including the validation of an atmospheric modeling and an impact study of land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), driven with regional reanalysis data for a 10-day simulation, is used to perform the study in the San Juan metropolitan area (SJMA), one of the largest urban conglomerations in the Caribbean, which is located in the island of Puerto Rico and taken as the test case. The model’s surface characteristics were updated using airborne high-resolution remote sensing information to obtain a more accurate and detailed configuration of the SJMA. Surface and rawinsonde data from the San Juan Airborne Thermal and Land Applications Sensor (ATLAS) Mission are used to validate the modeling system, yielding satisfactory results in surface/canopy temperature, near-surface air temperatures, and vertical profiles. The impact analysis, performed with the updated SJMA configuration and a potential natural vegetation (PNV) scenario, showed that the simulation with specified urban LCLU indexes in the bottom boundary produced higher air temperatures over the area occupied by the city, with positive values of up to 2.5°C. The same analysis showed changes in the surface radiative balance in the urban case attributed to modifications in the LCLU. This additional heat seems to motivate additional vertical convection that may be leading to possible urban-induced precipitation downwind of the SJMA. This was evident in a precipitation disturbance when the city is present (∼0.9 mm, 22.5% increase) captured by the model that was accompanied by increases in cloud formation and vertical motions mainly downwind of the city.


Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Sánchez Celada

La ciudad de Ponce ha tenido un desarrollo histórico sui generis y paralelo a la ciudad capital de Puerto Rico, San Juan, atendiendo a la morfología del espacio físico-geográfico donde se encuentra la misma. Toda la información recopilada y levantada para el presente artículo proviene del proyecto de investigación de Tesis de Doctorado sobre impactos causados por el turismo en las ciudades históricas de Ponce y San Juan e impactos causados en estos espacios por los eventos meteorológicos extremos. Las ciudades contemporáneas son una yuxtaposición entre lo contemporáneo y lo antiguo, entre la modernidad y la tradicionalidad, una realidad donde se superponen paisajes que responden a modelos urbanísticos distintos. Los espacios urbanos son un arreglo que varía en dependencia de la cultura y de la época, las ciudades están elaboradas y reelaboradas a partir de los que se aprecia y de cómo se aprecia al contemplar un espacio determinado, es una recreación de la realidad condicionada por la apreciación estética, las vivencias, el modo de vida o las carencias que se tengan en un momento determinado.El centro histórico de Ponce es un subsistema dentro de la ciudad, es la representación orgánica y completa de los subsistemas que la constituyen, es este el motivo del porqué analizando el crecimiento histórico desde todos los puntos de vista (desarrollo urbano, movilidad, comercio, espacios públicos, arquitectura), se puede descubrir el valor patrimonial intrínseco que posee, e incluye todas las propiedades comprendidas dentro del límite de la misma, lo que garantiza la morfología y la imagen urbana de dicha zona, añadiéndole el sector de la Playa y la Avenida de Hostos que une ambos centros urbanos. Ponce y su centro histórico han evolucionado y debe seguir evolucionando si quieren sobrevivir. La simbiosis de lo histórico con lo contemporáneo debe ser algo natural y no impostado, el centro histórico, así como los subsistemas que lo componen, debe ser aceptado como parte integral de la ciudad y no pretender manejarlo y entenderlo como un ente aislado. Su personalidad la tiene a partir de sus integralidad con el área metropolitana que lo contiene, y ver lo histórico y lo contemporáneo aisladamente siempre será en detrimento de la ciudad como un todo único e indivisible. The city of Ponce has had a historical development sui generis and parallel to the capital city of Puerto Rico, San Juan, attending to the morphology of the physical-geographic space where it is located. All the information gathered and raised for the present article comes from the project of investigation of Doctorate Thesis on impacts caused by the tourism in the historical cities of Ponce and San Juan and impacts caused in these spaces by the extreme meteorological events. Contemporary cities are a juxtaposition between the modern and the ancient, between modernity and tradition, a reality that overlaps landscapes that correspond to different urban models. Urban spaces are an arrangement that varies depending on culture and time, cities are re-elaborated from how it is appreciated when contemplating a certain space, is a recreation of reality conditioned by Aesthetic appreciation, experiences, mode of life or the shortcomings they have at any given time.The historical center of Ponce is a subsystem within the city, it is the organic and complete representation of the subsystems that constitute it, and so historical growth is analyzed from all points of view (urbanism, mobility, commerce, public spaces, Architecture). It is possible to discover the intrinsic heritage value that it possesses, which guarantees the morphology and the urban image of that area, adding the sector of the Beach and the Avenue of Hostos that unites both urban centers. Ponce and its historical center have evolved and should continue to evolve if they want to survive. The symbiosis between the historical and the contemporary must be natural and not imposed, the historical center, as well as the subsystems that compose it, must be accepted as an integral part of the city and not try to manage it and understand it as something isolated. Its personality has it from its integrality with the metropolitan area that contains it, and seeing the historical and the contemporary in isolation will always be to the detriment of the city as a single and indivisible territory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e021
Author(s):  
Emilio José Luque Azcona

This article analyses aspects related to the development of the paving, lighting, sewerage and cleaning of streets and squares in the city of San Juan de Puerto Rico, during Miguel de la Torre’s government of the island (1823-1837). With this research we intend to offer a new and complementary view to the existing one on the management of this governor, who, along with the Cabildo, had powers in these matters, while at the same time deepening the analysis of the urban history of the city of San Juan for that period. The information on the experience that other relevant urban centers of the period, such as Madrid, Mexico or Havana, had in this type of actions is also included, with the purpose of contextualizing both the measures applied and their scope.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Hopken ◽  
Limarie J. Reyes-Torres ◽  
Nicole Scavo ◽  
Antoinette J. Piaggio ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
...  

Urban ecosystems are a patchwork of habitats that host a broad diversity of animal species. Insects comprise a large portion of urban biodiversity which includes many pest species, including those that transmit pathogens. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabit urban environments and rely on sympatric vertebrate species to complete their life cycles, and in this process transmit pathogens to animals and humans. Given that mosquitoes feed upon vertebrates, they can also act as efficient samplers that facilitate detection of vertebrate species that utilize urban ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed DNA extracted from mosquito blood meals collected temporally in multiple neighborhoods of the San Juan Metropolitan Area, Puerto Rico to evaluate the presence of vertebrate fauna. DNA was collected from 604 individual mosquitoes that represented two common urban species, Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 586) and Aedes aegypti (n = 18). Culex quinquefasciatus fed on 17 avian taxa (81.2% of blood meals), seven mammalian taxa (17.9%), and one reptilian taxon (0.85%). Domestic chickens dominated these blood meals both temporally and spatially, and no statistically significant shift from birds to mammals was detected. Aedes aegypti blood meals were from a less diverse group, with two avian taxa (11.1%) and three mammalian taxa (88.9%) identified. The blood meals we identified provided a snapshot of the vertebrate community in the San Juan Metropolitan Area and have potential implications for vector-borne pathogen transmission.


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