Intrinsic birefringence in 193nm and 157nm lithography crystalline optics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Birefringence

Determination of intrinsic birefringence values of polycaprolactone filaments

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Krishnanand ◽  
Basanti L. Deopura ◽  
Bhuvanesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Birefringence

The Structure of the Cornea as Revealed by Polarized Light

1953 ◽  
Vol s3-94 (25) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
E. J. NAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Preferential Orientation ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Intrinsic Birefringence

Studies of corneal sections in polarized light indicate that there are about 100 lamellae in the cat cornea; the coefficient of fibre birefringence is 0.0030. No evidence was found of preferential orientation of fibre directions. Corneal disks examined by an immersion technique show that the cornea exhibits both form and intrinsic birefringence of positive sign with a micellar refractive index of 1.50-1.52. The values of both form and intrinsic birefringence in various fixatives can be explained on the basis of swelling, which is both inter- and intra-micellar. The micellar volume according to the Wiener relationships does not exceed 3 per cent.; possible causes of this are discussed.

scholarly journals INTRINSIC BIREFRINGENCE OF GLYCERINATED MYOFIBRILS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Thin Filament ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Form Birefringence ◽  
Sliding Filament Theory ◽  
Filament Protein ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Intrinsic Birefringence

Patterns of intrinsic birefringence were revealed in formalin-fixed, glycerinated myofibrils from rabbit striated muscle, by perfusing them with solvents of refractive index near to that of protein, about 1.570. The patterns differ substantially from those obtained in physiological salt solutions, due to the elimination of edge- and form birefringence. Analysis of myofibrils at various stages of shortening has produced results fully consistent with the sliding filament theory of contraction. On a weight basis, the intrinsic birefringence of thick-filament protein is about 2.4 times that of thin-filament protein. Nonadditivity of thick- and thin-filament birefringence in the overlap regions of A bands may indicate an alteration of macromolecular structure due to interaction between the two types of filaments.

Effect of Anisotropy on Shear Wave Velocity in Wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1923-1926
Author(s):  
Jian Ping Zhou ◽  
Jin Xia Liu ◽  
Wen Yang Gao ◽  
Zhi Wen Cui ◽  
Wei Guo Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Wood Specimen ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intrinsic Birefringence

The velocities of shear waves propagating along radial direction of birch and elmwood specimens are measured in order to study the effect of anisotropy on shear wave velocity. The relationship between the shear wave velocity and the oscillation direction is examined by rotating an ultrasonic sensor. The results indicate that the effect of anisotropy on shear wave velocity in birch and elmwood specimens is similar to Japanese magnolia specimen. When the oscillation direction of the shear wave corresponds to the certain anisotropic direction of the wood specimen, the shear wave velocity decreases sharply and the relationship between shear wave velocity and rotation angle tends to become discontinuous. The intrinsic birefringence due to the anisotropy of birch and elmwood woods is observed. Their texture anisotropies are strong. In an isotropic nylon, on the contrary, the value of shear wave velocity was similar to a circular ring. This investigation is significant meanings in architectural and civil engineering field.

scholarly journals ANOMALOUS CONTRACTION OF INVERTEBRATE STRIATED MUSCLE

1965 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Rabbit Psoas ◽  
Ultraviolet Microbeam ◽  
Intrinsic Birefringence

The phenomenon of A band shortening or contraction has been investigated in glycerinated myofibrils of Pecten irradians, Homarus americanus, Cambarus virilis, and Limulus polyphemus through the techniques of ultraviolet microbeam inactivation and polarization microscopy. With the former method, it has been shown that these muscles, even though exhibiting the shortening effect, contract in a manner consistent with only the sliding filament model. Intrinsic birefringence studies have indicated no significant changes in mass distribution or orientation within the shortened A bands. Except in the case of Limulus muscle, the shortening effect was seen only in contraction under tension. The magnitude of this anomalous phenomenon was dependent upon glycerination time and has been duplicated in rabbit psoas muscle through brief trypsin treatment. A band shortening could not be observed in glutaraldehyde-fixed muscle or in myofibrils glycerinated for only short periods. It has been concluded that the phenomenon of A band contraction is an artifact induced by the glycerination procedure, possibly through weakening of the sarcomere structure. However, the fact that the A band shortens under tension rather than lengthens poses an interesting paradox.

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