ISCB Public Policy Statement on Open Access to Scientific and Technical Research Literature

The open access (OA) publication movement aims to present research literature to the public at no cost and with no restrictions. While the democratization of access to scholarly literature is a primary focus of the movement, it remains unclear whether OA has uniformly democratized the corpus of freely available research, or whether authors who choose to publish in OA venues represent a particular subset of scholars - those with access to resources enabling them to afford article processing charges (APCs). We investigated the number of OA articles with article processing charges (APC OA) authored by 182,320 scholars with known demographic and institutional characteristics at American research universities across 11 broad fields of study. Results show, in general, that the likelihood for a scholar to author an APC OA article increases with male gender, employment at a prestigious institution (AAU member universities), association with a STEM discipline, greater federal research funding, and more advanced career stage (i.e., higher professorial rank). Participation in APC OA publishing appears to be skewed toward scholars with greater access to resources and job security.

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Public policy statement on consent to medication

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.14.8.502 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 502-502

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Policy Statement

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Exploring the Spheres of Crowdfunding

Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage - Strategic Approaches to Successful Crowdfunding ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9604-4.ch009 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 190-209

Author(s):

Bernard Owens Imarhiagbe

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Academic Research ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Research Literature ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Policy Statement ◽

The World Bank ◽

The Subject ◽

The Uk

This chapter reviews research and policy literatures on the spheres of crowdfunding. It identifies reward-based, donation-based, equity-based and credit-based crowdfunding with a view to collate relevant information to support crowdfunding knowledgebase and further research. As crowdfunding is a new concept in research literature, it is increasing in popularity in social media, business and research communities. Academic research in crowdfunding is limited and the subject is still evolving as a way of access to finance for seed capital, entrepreneurial projects and other early stage projects. Advanced countries in Europe and North America have recognised the relevance of crowdfunding in varying proportion from one country to another for project fundraising. However, the World Bank confirmed that developing countries are at different stages of recognition of crowdfunding in their policy framework. Although the UK financial regulator, Financial Conduct Authority, has produced a policy statement for crowdfunding and approved some service providers such as crowdfunding platforms, it is still interacting with stakeholders and providing guidance to potential entrepreneurs on the operational models. Crowdfunding is a way of raising small amounts of money from different contributors over the internet for different types of projects. There are huge management implications in the spheres of crowdfunding.

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The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 632 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Jonathan P. Tennant ◽

François Waldner ◽

Damien C. Jacques ◽

Paola Masuzzo ◽

Lauren B. Collister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Research Literature ◽

Scholarly Publishing ◽

Scholarly Literature ◽

Playing Field ◽

Academic Communities ◽

Global Issue ◽

Multiple Challenges

Ongoing debates surrounding Open Access to the scholarly literature are multifaceted and complicated by disparate and often polarised viewpoints from engaged stakeholders. At the current stage, Open Access has become such a global issue that it is critical for all involved in scholarly publishing, including policymakers, publishers, research funders, governments, learned societies, librarians, and academic communities, to be well-informed on the history, benefits, and pitfalls of Open Access. In spite of this, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the potential pros and cons of Open Access at multiple levels. This review aims to be a resource for current knowledge on the impacts of Open Access by synthesizing important research in three major areas: academic, economic and societal. While there is clearly much scope for additional research, several key trends are identified, including a broad citation advantage for researchers who publish openly, as well as additional benefits to the non-academic dissemination of their work. The economic impact of Open Access is less well-understood, although it is clear that access to the research literature is key for innovative enterprises, and a range of governmental and non-governmental services. Furthermore, Open Access has the potential to save both publishers and research funders considerable amounts of financial resources, and can provide some economic benefits to traditionally subscription-based journals. The societal impact of Open Access is strong, in particular for advancing citizen science initiatives, and leveling the playing field for researchers in developing countries. Open Access supersedes all potential alternative modes of access to the scholarly literature through enabling unrestricted re-use, and long-term stability independent of financial constraints of traditional publishers that impede knowledge sharing. However, Open Access has the potential to become unsustainable for research communities if high-cost options are allowed to continue to prevail in a widely unregulated scholarly publishing market. Open Access remains only one of the multiple challenges that the scholarly publishing system is currently facing. Yet, it provides one foundation for increasing engagement with researchers regarding ethical standards of publishing and the broader implications of 'Open Research'.

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Exploring the Spheres of Crowdfunding

Start-Ups and SMEs ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch080 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1547-1566

Author(s):

Bernard Owens Imarhiagbe

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Early Stage ◽

Academic Research ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Research Literature ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Policy Statement ◽

The World Bank ◽

The Subject ◽

The Uk

This chapter reviews research and policy literatures on the spheres of crowdfunding. It identifies reward-based, donation-based, equity-based and credit-based crowdfunding with a view to collate relevant information to support crowdfunding knowledgebase and further research. As crowdfunding is a new concept in research literature, it is increasing in popularity in social media, business and research communities. Academic research in crowdfunding is limited and the subject is still evolving as a way of access to finance for seed capital, entrepreneurial projects and other early stage projects. Advanced countries in Europe and North America have recognised the relevance of crowdfunding in varying proportion from one country to another for project fundraising. However, the World Bank confirmed that developing countries are at different stages of recognition of crowdfunding in their policy framework. Although the UK financial regulator, Financial Conduct Authority, has produced a policy statement for crowdfunding and approved some service providers such as crowdfunding platforms, it is still interacting with stakeholders and providing guidance to potential entrepreneurs on the operational models. Crowdfunding is a way of raising small amounts of money from different contributors over the internet for different types of projects. There are huge management implications in the spheres of crowdfunding.

Download Full-text