scholarly journals Do CD4+ T Cell Functional Responses to Epstein–Barr Virus Provide Protective Immunity Against CNS Lymphoma in AIDS?

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e110
Author(s):  
Mark A Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus Evades CD4+ T Cell Responses in Lytic Cycle through BZLF1-mediated Downregulation of CD74 and the Cooperation of vBcl-2

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e1002455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Zuo ◽  
Wendy A. Thomas ◽  
Tracey A. Haigh ◽  
Leah Fitzsimmons ◽  
Heather M. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Epstein Barr

CD4+ T-cell clones recognizing human lymphoma-associated antigens: generation by in vitro stimulation with autologous Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Long ◽  
Jianmin Zuo ◽  
Alison M. Leese ◽  
Nancy H. Gudgeon ◽  
Hui Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Hla Class Ii ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Clones ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–specific T-cell preparations, generated by stimulating immune donor lymphocytes with the autologous virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) in vitro, can be used to target EBV-positive malignancies. Although these preparations are enriched for EBV antigen–specific CD8+ T cells, most also contain a CD4+ T-cell population whose specificity is unknown. Here, we show that, although CD4+ T-cell clones derived from such cultures recognize HLA class II–matched LCLs but not mitogen-activated B lymphoblasts, many (1) do not map to any known EBV antigen, (2) can be raised from EBV-naive as well as EBV-immune persons, and (3) can recognize a broad range of human B lymphoma–derived cell lines irrespective of EBV genome status, providing those lines to express the relevant HLA class II–restricting allele. Importantly, such CD4+ clones not only produce IFNγ but are also cytotoxic and can control the outgrowth of HLA-matched lymphoma cells in cocultivation assays. We infer that such CD4+ T cells recognize cellular antigens that are preferentially up-regulated in EBV-transformed but not mitogen-activated B lymphoblasts and that are also expressed in a range of B-cell malignancies. Such antigens are therefore of potential value as targets for CD4+ T cell–based immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Differential Targeting and Shifts in the Immunodominance of Epstein‐Barr Virus–Specific CD8 and CD4 T Cell Responses during Acute and Persistent Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Woodberry ◽  
Todd J. Suscovich ◽  
Leah M. Henry ◽  
Jennifer K. Davis ◽  
Nicole Frahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
And Shifts

scholarly journals Immunoinformatic Analysis Reveals Antigenic Heterogeneity of Epstein-Barr Virus Is Immune-Driven

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cirac ◽  
Remy Poirey ◽  
Michael Dieckmeyer ◽  
Klaus Witter ◽  
Henri-Jacques Delecluse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Whole genome sequencing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) isolates from around the world has uncovered pervasive strain heterogeneity, but the forces driving strain diversification and the impact on immune recognition remained largely unknown. Using a data mining approach, we analyzed more than 300 T-cell epitopes in 168 published EBV strains. Polymorphisms were detected in approximately 65% of all CD8+ and 80% of all CD4+ T-cell epitopes and these numbers further increased when epitope flanking regions were included. Polymorphisms in CD8+ T-cell epitopes often involved MHC anchor residues and resulted in changes of the amino acid subgroup, suggesting that only a limited number of conserved T-cell epitopes may represent generic target antigens against different viral strains. Although considered the prototypic EBV strain, the rather low degree of overlap with most other viral strains implied that B95.8 may not represent the ideal reference strain for T-cell epitopes. Instead, a combinatorial library of consensus epitopes may provide better targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes when the infecting strain is unknown. Polymorphisms were significantly enriched in epitope versus non-epitope protein sequences, implicating immune selection in driving strain diversification. Remarkably, CD4+ T-cell epitopes in EBNA2, EBNA-LP, and the EBNA3 family appeared to be under negative selection pressure, hinting towards a beneficial role of immune responses against these latency type III antigens in virus biology. These findings validate this immunoinformatics approach for providing novel insight into immune targets and the intricate relationship of host defense and virus evolution that may also pertain to other pathogens.

Epstein-Barr virus evasion of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunity via concerted actions of multiple gene products

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike E. Ressing ◽  
Daniëlle Horst ◽  
Bryan D. Griffin ◽  
Judy Tellam ◽  
Jianmin Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Epstein Barr
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