scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Industry Off-label Promotion and Self-regulation: A Document Analysis of Off-label Promotion Rulings by the United Kingdom Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority 2003–2012

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e1001945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Vilhelmsson ◽  
Courtney Davis ◽  
Shai Mulinari
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Prescription Medicines

scholarly journals The Development of Self-Regulation in Four UK Professional Communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Lester
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Professional Communities ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Professional Self

Professional self-regulation is often conceptualised as involving the delegation of state powers to professional groups.  An examination of four groups in the United Kingdom provides examples of self-regulation that have developed, with one partial exception, without the support of any statutory framework. Some common aspects of self-regulation are identified along with some differences that relate to how the professions have evolved, and to their operating contexts. Significant influences include how the profession is situated among adjacent groups, the degree of demand from clients and employers for qualified practitioners, and potentially whether the occupation is suitable as an initial career or requires  a measure of maturity and prior experience. An argument is made for greater recognition, both through practical examples and in academic discourse of self-regulation that is initiated and furthered voluntarily through negotiation between professions, their members and their clients rather than via legislative powers. 

Regulating the regulators: the rise of the United Kingdom Professional Standards Authority

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Judith Allsop ◽  
Kathryn Jones
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Techniques

In the United Kingdom reforms to professional regulation have been introduced to enhance public protection. This chapter accounts for changes from 2002 to 2016 with the introduction of a meta-regulator to oversee nine statutory professional Councils. It examines the expansion of the role of the meta-regulator and reforms within the professional councils themselves. It draws on data collected to show increases in costs and activity and explains the shift from self-regulation to top-down governance using corporate management techniques of audit and review. It demonstrates that the reforms have been evolutionary and that further reform is ongoing.

Public service media beyond the digital hype: distribution strategies in a platform era

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Donders
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
The Media

The notion of public service media is used to describe public broadcasters’ provision of services that contribute to the democratic, cultural and social objectives of society, and this on multiple devices and across various technologies. While most research focuses on the theoretical case for public service media, this contribution analyses how public broadcasters strategically position themselves as providers of public service media. What are their distribution strategies in a market that is no longer dominated by the media themselves, but is characterised by a growing concentration of power in the hands of the so-called platforms and a continuous influx of new entrants? The article is based on a qualitative document analysis of public broadcasters’ strategies in Flanders, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Complementary expert interviews were also carried out. Our main finding is that public broadcasters are distributing more and more varied types of content online, but that digital-only content remains limited and is considered as a subsidiary activity. Ample reference is made to the surrounding environment as a means to legitimise the existence of public broadcasters. However, this is not yet translated into concrete and focused distribution strategies.

scholarly journals Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: Code of Practice 2000

Thorax ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 887-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Control And Prevention

scholarly journals Inspection Reports in Turkey and United Kingdom: A Comparative Study of Inspections

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet E. Usta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
School Inspection ◽  
National Education ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk

This study aims to compare the school inspection reports prepared by educational inspectors in Turkey and the United Kingdom. In Turkey, educational inspection is carried out by the Educational Inspectors of the Ministry of National Education. On the other hand, educational inspection in the UK is carried out by Ofsted education inspectors. In both countries, it is compulsory to prepare an inspection report at the conclusion of an inspection, which sheds light on and evaluates the activities carried out at the school. The inspection reports are the subject of this study in terms of both form and content. The qualitative research method was used in the study and a document analysis was carried out. In this context, 10 inspection reports from both Turkey and the United Kingdom each were subjected to the inspection report review. A code was assigned to each inspection report. The reports originating from Turkey that were subjected to review were assigned the code TR, while the reports originating from the United Kingdom that were subjected to review were assigned the code UK. Titles of the inspection reports were determined and sample expressions related to each title were included in the text. As a result, although there are some similarities in the form of inspections, Ofsted reports were judged to be different, especially in terms of participation, evaluation of direct training activities, transparency and participation.

An Analysis of the Medical Supply Industries

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredeth Turshen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Medical Supply ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom

Medical supply industries are dominated by widely diversified multinational companies that produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, computers, cosmetics, and electronic equipment. Of these products, the most profitable group is prescription drugs. This article contains a description of the general structure of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide and the specific details of drug operations in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is of special interest because of its long-standing and partially successful attempt to regulate drug prices. The government's inability to achieve total control is related to the competitive structure of capitalist economy, to the patent system that grants monopoly privileges to drug firms, and to the duplication of research efforts and waste of resources that push up drug costs. The pharmaceutical industry serves the needs of people poorly in developed countries; its impact on underdeveloped countries is much worse. In the Third World, nascent national companies and small local producers of drugs cannot compete with the huge multinationals; the patent system proves to be an imperfect mechanism for the transfer of medical science and technology; and the high cost of imported drugs determines the amount of health care governments can provide for the population. The multinational corporations are now global enterprises that integrate the production of chemicals for many different uses-drugs for human and animal consumption, fertilizers, pesticides, and food additives. Thus the multinationals affect agricultural production and animal husbandry in underdeveloped countries and thereby nutrition as well as the treatment of disease.

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