scholarly journals Seasonality of Influenza A(H3N2) Virus: A Hong Kong Perspective (1997–2006)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian W. Tang ◽  
Karry L. K. Ngai ◽  
Wai Y. Lam ◽  
Paul K. S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus

scholarly journals Strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in children following immunization or natural infection

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Oxford ◽  
L. R. Haaheim ◽  
A. Slepushkin ◽  
J. Werner ◽  
E. Kuwert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Prototype Virus ◽  
Haemolysis Test

SUMMARYThe specificity of serum anti-HA antibody from children immunized or infected with A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) or A/Texas/77 (H3N2) virus was examined using the single radial haemolysis test together with adsorption of antibody with three antigenic variants A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2) and A/Victoria/75 (H3N2). The majority of young children reacted to vaccination or infection by producing strain-specific (SS) antibody to the homologous virus. A small proportion of children's sera contained cross-reacting (CR) antibodies capable of reacting with the haemagglutinins of all antigenic variants of the subtype including A/HK/1/68. In contrast, most adults reacted immunologically to either vaccination or infection by producing CR antibody, reacting with all variants of the antigenic subtype including the prototype virus A/HK/1/68 (H3N2).

scholarly journals Prevalence of antibody against influenza A viruses in the Kren-Akorore, an Indian tribe of Central Brazil, first contacted in 1973

1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Nascimento ◽  
M. M. Krawczuk ◽  
L. F. Marcopito ◽  
R. G. Baruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Indian Tribe ◽  
Civilized World

SUMMARYInfluenza A antibodies in serum samples obtained in 1980 from two Indian populations in Central Brazil were compared. The Kren-Akorore, who were first contacted in 1973 and two years later transferred to the Xingu Indian Park (PIX), were compared with Indians from other tribes already living in the PIX before 1975. An analysis was made of the prevalence and distribution of antibodies against the influenza A viruses which have circulated in the civilized world since 1918. Antibodies to the early influenza A viruses were absent in both Indian populations, but A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) virus apparently circulated in the PIX. No antibody to influenza A/Bangkok/I/79 or to A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) was found in any of the sera, whereas antibodies to these viruses were commonly found in urban populations in Brazil. The evidence from influenza antibodies agrees with the information that the Kren-Akorore Indians had been living in complete isolation until 1973, when they were first contacted.

scholarly journals Genetic variation analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Hong Kong (1997-2006)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1863-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Shubo ◽  
Yue Chen Jake ◽  
Rao Jianan ◽  
Zhang Shanghong ◽  
Wai Tin Chan Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Human Influenza

scholarly journals Recycling of H1N1 influenza A virus in man — a haemagglutinin antibody study

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Masurel ◽  
R. A. Heijtin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Antibody Titres

SUMMARYSera from people born between 1883 and 1930 and collected in 1977 were tested for the presence of HI antibodies to A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus and three recently (1977 and 1978) isolated influenza A-H1N1 viruses. The highest frequency of high-titred antibody to the four H1N1 viruses was detected in sera from people born in 1903–4, i.e. 42,54,38, and 22% had antibody against A/FM/1/47, A/Hong Kong/117/77, A/Brazil/11/78, and A/Fukushima/103/78 respectively. The birthdate groups 1896–1907 showed a higher percentage of HI antibody titres ≥18, ≥50, ≥100 or ≥1600 against the four H1N1 viruses than the birthdate groups 1907–30. This indicates the existence of an era, 1908–18, in which, apart from the H3N2 virus (1900–18), the H1N1 virus was epidemic among the human population.

scholarly journals Incidence of influenza A(H3N2) virus infections in Hong Kong in a longitudinal sero-epidemiological study, 2009-2015

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0197504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian W. I. Wei ◽  
Jessica Y. T. Wong ◽  
Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera ◽  
Kin On Kwok ◽  
Vicky J. Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Virus Infections

scholarly journals Use of single radial immunodiffusion test for serological studies in volunteers inoculated with live attenuated influenza virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
M. E. Molyneux ◽  
A. S. Beare ◽  
K. Callow ◽  
G. C. Schild
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Single Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Serological Studies

SUMMARYPre- and post-vaccination serum samples from 278 volunteers, who were given live influenza vaccines, were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and single radial immunodiffusion tests (SRDT) for antibody to influenza A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) virus envelope antigens. Those with high antibody titres detected in both tests were less frequently infected, and 85% of the 159 infected showed rises by HI and 70% by SRDT. Similarly, 69 pairs were tested for antibody to Hong Kong (N2) neuraminidase by neuraminidase inhibition test (NI) and by SRD tests. Those with high titres in both tests resisted infection and those who were infected showed a rise in antibody detected both by NI and SRD tests. In general, SRDT was less sensitive than HI and NI in detecting antibody and antibody rises, but in some volunteers it did detect antibody rises which were not detected by conventional tests. Because of its simplicity and speed it appeared to be of use in evaluating such vaccines.

Adaptation of Human Influenza A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) Virus to Colostrum-Deprived, Specific-Pathogen Free Piglets

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Menŝík ◽  
Z. Pospíŝil ◽  
M. Machatková ◽  
B. Tůmová ◽  
J. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Specific Pathogen

scholarly journals Infection of a child in Hong Kong by an influenza A H3N2 virus closely related to viruses circulating in European pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gregory ◽  
W. Lim ◽  
K. Cameron ◽  
M. Bennett ◽  
S. Marozin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Human Viruses

Influenza virus A/Hong Kong/1774/99, isolated from a young child with mild influenza, was shown to be similar in its antigenic and genetic characteristics to H3N2 viruses circulating in pigs in Europe during the 1990s and in particular to be closely related to viruses isolated from two children in the Netherlands in 1993. Similar viruses had previously not been identified outside Europe. Although there is little evidence as to how the child contracted the infection, it appears likely that pigs in southern China were the source of infection. Characteristics shared with the European swine viruses include resistance to the anti-influenza drugs amantadine and rimantadine. Thus not only does this incident once again highlight the potential of pigs as a source of novel human influenza viruses, but also indicates the potential for emergence of amantadine-resistant human viruses.

scholarly journals The specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response induced in man by inactivated influenza vaccines and by natural infection

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Oxford ◽  
G. C. Schild ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
R. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Human Adults

SUMMARYThe anti-haemagglutinin antibody response in adult human volunteers to inactivated whole virus or tween ether split influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) and A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) virus vaccines was investigated using antibody adsorption and single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) techniques. The concentrations of haemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) antigens measured by single radial diffusion (SRD) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis were similar for both the whole virus and split vaccines. Whole virus and split vaccines induced cross-reactive (CR) antibody in 87% of vaccinees. Strain specific (SS) antibody to A/Hong Kong/1/68 or the homologous virus was induced less frequently than CR antibody. Higher anti-haemagglutinin antibody titres were detected in persons receiving the split virus vaccines than in those receiving the whole virus vaccines. No antibody to the type-specific matrix protein was detectable, but 33% of volunteers developed an antibody rise to type-specific nucleoprotein antigen.The specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response in human adults to natural infection with A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2) virus was similar to that induced by inactivated vaccines in that a high proportion of subjects developed CR anti-haemagglutinin antibody, which reacted with A/Hong Kong/68 virus and the homologous A/Port Chalmers/73 virus, and SS antibody for A/Hong Kong/68 virus but SS antibody for A/Port Chalmers/73 virus was infrequently stimulated by natural infection.

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