Skeletal muscle injured with lambda-carrageenan has increased aerobic glycolysis. To assess the regulation of this process, the tissue concentrations of glycolytic intermediates, the flux through phosphofructokinase (PFK), and the intracellular concentrations of PFK effectors were examined in wounded rat skeletal muscle and in macrophages, the predominant inflammatory cell in the early stages of this wound model. Autoradiography demonstrated increased 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in wounded tissue compared with nonwounded muscle. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose was localized to the cellular infiltrate. The glycolytic intermediate concentrations demonstrated a facilitation of PFK in macrophages and wounded tissue as compared with nonwounded muscle. Wounded tissue had twice the flux through PFK compared with nonwounded muscle (10.0 +/- 0.6 wounded vs. 4.9 +/- 0.4 mumol.h-1.g-1 nonwounded). Macrophages had the highest flux through PFK (63.7 +/- 5.7 mumol.h-1.g-1) and when coincubated with muscle, the combined flux through PFK was equal to that of wounded muscle. The increase in glycolysis associated with wounded tissue may be explained by increased glucose uptake and increased flux through PFK by the inflammatory cells present in wounded tissue.
Beneficial Effects of Cod Protein on Inflammatory Cell Accumulation in Rat Skeletal Muscle after Injury Are Driven by Its High Levels of Arginine, Glycine, Taurine and Lysine