scholarly journals Environmental Gradients Explain Species Richness and Community Composition of Coastal Breeding Birds in the Baltic Sea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0118455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nord ◽  
Pär Forslund
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals <I>nirS</I>-containing denitrifier communities in the water column and sediment of the Baltic Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Falk ◽  
M. Hannig ◽  
C. Gliesche ◽  
R. Wardenga ◽  
M. Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Denitrifier Communities

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare structural differences in the nirS-type denitrifying microbial communities along the environmental gradients observed in the water column and coastal sediments of the Baltic Sea. To link community structure and environmental gradients, denitrifier communities were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) based on nirS as a functional marker gene for denitrification. nirS-type denitrifier community composition was further evaluated by phylogenetic analysis of nirS sequences from clone libraries. T-RFLP analysis indicated some overlap but also major differences between communities from the water column and the sediment. Shifts in community composition along the biogeochemical gradients were observed only in the water column while denitrifier communities were rather uniform within the upper 30 mm of the sediment. Specific terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) indicative of the sulfidic zone suggest the presence of nitrate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing microorganisms that were previously shown to be important at the suboxic-sulfidic interface in the water column of the Baltic Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of nirS genes from the Baltic Sea and of sequences from marine habitats all over the world indicated distinct denitrifier communities that grouped mostly according to their habitats. We suggest that these subgroups of denitrifiers had developed after selection through several factors, i.e. their habitats (water column or sediment), impact by prevalent environmental conditions and isolation by large geographic distances between habitats.

scholarly journals <i>NirS</i>-containing denitrifier communities in the water column and sediment of the Baltic Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Falk ◽  
M. Hannig ◽  
G. Braker ◽  
R. Wardenga ◽  
M. Köster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Denitrifier Communities

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare structural differences in the denitrifying microbial communities along the environmental gradients observed in the water column and coastal sediments of the Baltic Sea. To link community structure and environmental gradients, denitrifier communities were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) based on nirS as a functional marker gene for denitrification. NirS-type denitrifier community composition was further evaluated by phylogenetic analysis of nirS sequences from clone libraries. T-RFLP analysis indicated some overlap but also major differences of communities from the water column and the sediment. Shifts in community composition along the biogeochemical gradients were observed only in the water column while denitrifier communities were rather uniform within the upper 30 mm of the sediment. Specific terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) indicative for the sulfidic zone suggest the presence of nitrate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing microorganisms that were previously shown to be important at the suboxic-sulfidic interface in the water column of the Baltic Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of nirS genes from the Baltic Sea and of sequences from marine habitats all over the world indicated distinct denitrifier communities that grouped mostly according to their habitat. We suggest that these subgroups of denitrifiers had developed after selection through several factors, i.e. their habitats (water column or sediment), impact by prevalent environmental conditions and isolation by large geographic distances between habitats.

Remarks on marine and continental biogeography: an areographical viewpoint

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (1303) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Way

Differences and similarities in the way marine and continental organisms occupy space are briefly reviewed. Among them, the ‘peninsula effect’ (the decline of species richness with distance from the source) is compared with the ‘bay effect’. Two cases, corals in Mochima Bay, Venezuela and fishes in the Baltic Sea, are presented as examples. The facts that the world’s oceans are larger, continuous and three-dimensional, with fewer evident geographical barriers than there are on land, explain why marine biogeographical regions are less welldefined and geographical ranges of marine taxa more wide-spread. I his generalization has, however, been questioned following recent findings of extremely rich and highly endemic benthic faunas. This problem is discussed using an index of cosmopolitanism to compare terrestrial and marine biotas.

scholarly journals Evolution at two time-frames: ancient and common origin of two structural variants involved in local adaptation of the European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Le Moan ◽  
Dorte Bekkevold ◽  
Jakob Hemmer-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Time Frames

AbstractChanging environmental conditions can lead to population diversification through differential selection on standing genetic variation. Structural variant (SV) polymorphisms provide examples of ancient alleles that in time become associated with novel environmental gradients. The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is a marine flatfish showing large allele frequency differences at two putative SVs associated with environmental variation. In this study, we explored the contribution of these SVs to population structure across the North East Atlantic. We compared genome wide population structure using sets of RAD sequencing SNPs with the spatial structure of the SVs. We found that in contrast to the rest of the genome, the SVs were only weakly associated with an isolation-by-distance pattern. Indeed, both SVs showed important allele frequency differences associated with two different environmental gradients, with the same allele increasing both along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, and the latitudinal gradient along the Norwegian coast. Nevertheless, both SVs were found to be polymorphic across most sampling sites, even in the Icelandic population inferred to originate from a different glacial refuge than the remaining populations from the European continental shelf. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the SV alleles are much older than the age of the Baltic Sea itself. These results suggest that the SVs are older than the age of the environmental gradients with which they currently co-vary. Interestingly, both SVs shared similar phylogenetic and genetic diversity, suggesting that they have a common origin. Altogether, our results suggest that the plaice SVs were shaped by evolutionary processes occurring at two time-frames, firstly following their common origin and secondly related to their current association with more recent environmental gradients such as those found in the North Sea − Baltic Sea transition zone.

Consequences of increased temperature and acidification on bacterioplankton community composition during a mesocosm spring bloom in the Baltic Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus V. Lindh ◽  
Lasse Riemann ◽  
Federico Baltar ◽  
Claudia Romero-Oliva ◽  
Paulo S. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Koehler ◽  
Mårten Erlandsson ◽  
Martin Karlsson ◽  
Lena Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Salinity Regime ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Coastal ecosystems are biologically productive and their diversity underlies various ecosystem services to humans. However, large-scale species richness (SR) and its regulating factors remain uncertain for many organism groups, owing not least to the fact that observed SR (SRobs) is strongly dependent on sample size and inventory completeness (IC). We estimated changes in SR across a natural geographical gradient using statistical rarefaction and extrapolation methods, based on a large fish species incidence dataset compiled from Swedish fish survey databases. The data covered nearly five decades (1975–2020), a 1,300 km north-south distance and a 10-fold salinity gradient along sub-basins of the Baltic Sea plus Skagerrak. Focusing on shallow coastal and offshore areas (< 30 m depth), we calculated standardized SR (SRstd) and estimated SR (SRest), and related these to sub-basin annual mean salinity and water temperature. IC was high, 98.5 %–99.9 %, in the 10 sub-basins with sufficient data for analysis. The recorded fish species were of 75 % marine and 25 % freshwater origin. Total fish SRobs was 144 for shallow coastal areas, and 110 for shallow offshore areas. Sub-basin specific SRest for coastal areas varied between 35 ± 7 (SE) and 109 ± 6 fish species, and was ca. three times higher in the most saline (salinity 29-32) compared to the least saline sub-basins (salinity 2.7). Completing information on functional attributes showed that differences along the salinity gradient reflected an increased share of coastal resident fish species in lower salinities, and a higher share of migratory fish at higher salinities. The proportion of benthic and demersal fish species was also lower in the least saline sub-basins, and increased with increasing salinity. If climate change lowers the salinity regime of the Baltic Sea in the future this may hence influence the SR and community composition of fish.

scholarly journals Salinity as a key control on the diazotrophic community composition in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Furbo Reeder ◽  
Ina Stoltenberg ◽  
Jamileh Javidpour ◽  
Carolin Regina Löscher
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Functional Marker ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diazotrophic Community

Abstract. Over the next decade, the Baltic Sea is predicted to undergo severe changes including a decrease in salinity due to altering precipitation. This will likely impact the distribution and community composition of Baltic Sea N2 fixing microbes, of which especially heterocystous cyanobacteria are adapted to low salinities and may expand to waters with currently higher salinity, including the Danish Strait and Kattegat, while other high-salinity adapted N2 fixers might decrease in abundance. In order to explore the impact of salinity on the distribution and activity of different diazotrophic clades, we followed the natural salinity gradient from the Eastern Gotland and Bornholm Basins through the Arkona Basin to the Kiel Bight and combined N2 fixation rate measurements with a molecular analysis of the diazotrophic community using the key functional marker gene for N2 fixation nifH, as well as the key functional marker genes anf and vnf, encoding for the two alternative nitrogenases. We detected N2 fixation rates between 0.7 and 6 nmol N L-1 d-1, and the diazotrophic community was dominated by the cyanobacterium Nodularia and the small unicellular, cosmopolitan cyanobacterium UCYN-A. Nodularia was present in abundances between 8.07 x 105 and 1.6 x 107 copies L-1 in waters with salinities of 10 and below, while UCYN-A reached abundances of up to 4.5 x 107 copies L-1 in waters with salinity above 10. Besides those two cyanobacterial diazotrophs, we found several clades of proteobacterial N2 fixers and alternative nitrogenase genes associated with Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a purple non-sulfur bacterium. Based on statistical testing, salinity was identified as the primary parameter describing the diazotrophic distribution, while pH and temperature did not have a similarly significant influence on the diazotrophic distribution. While this statistical analysis will need to be explored in direct experiments, it gives an indication for a future development of diazotrophy in a freshening Baltic Sea with UCYN-A retracting to more saline North Sea waters and heterocystous cyanobacteria expanding as salinity decreases.

Metazoan parasites from herring (Clupea harengus L.) as biological indicators in the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Unger ◽  
Sven Klimpel ◽  
Thomas Lang ◽  
Harry Palm
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractZoographical distribution of metazoan fish parasites in herring, Clupea harengus, from the Baltic Sea was analysed in order to use them as potential biological indicators. A total of 210 herring from six different sampling sites were investigated, harbouring 12 different parasite species [five digeneans (D), one cestode (C), three nematodes (N) and three acanthocephalans (A)]. The distribution of the parasite species differed according to region, with a distinct gradient of decreasing species richness towards the east of the Baltic Sea. The western localities at Kiel Bay, Rügen and Poland had the highest parasite diversity, including the marine parasite species Anisakis simplex (s.s.) (N), Brachyphallus crenatus and Hemiurus luehei (both D). The eastern localities had low parasite species richness, predominated by the freshwater digenean Diplostomum spathaceum. We could identify three different Baltic herring stocks, the spring-spawning herring of the western Baltic reaching from the Kattegat to the German and Polish coast, the stock of the central Baltic proper and the northern stock of C. harengus var. membras of the Gulf of Finland. The limited distribution of the herring parasites within the Baltic Sea enables their use as biological indicators for migration patterns and stock separation. The acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis that has already been used as an accumulation bioindicator for heavy metals was only recorded for the western herring stocks. However, the presence of mainly generalistic parasites and their uneven distribution patterns make their use as indicators for regional environmental and global change more difficult.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document