scholarly journals Molecular typing of Legionella pneumophila isolates from environmental water samples and clinical samples using a five-gene sequence typing and standard Sequence-Based Typing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0190986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yong Zhan ◽  
Qing-Yi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Standard Sequence

scholarly journals Detection ofLegionella pneumophilain environmental water samples using a fluorescein conjugated monoclonal antibody

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Makin ◽  
C. A. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYSixty-three environmental water samples from various sources were examined for the presence ofLegionella pneumophilawith a commercially available direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody (GS), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and culture. GS detectedL. pneumophilain 94% and 100% of environmental water samples which were culture and IFAT positive forL. pneumophila, respectively. IFAT detected 69% ofL. pneumophilaculture positive samples. Cultures ofL. pneumophilaserogroups 1 to 12, 14 and nonL. pneumophilabacteria which may be found in water, and bacteria containing non-specific binding proteins, were stained by GS and IFAT. GS identified all serogroups ofL. pneumophilaand did not cross react with any non-L. pneumophilabacteria.L. pneumophilain environmental samples was easy to detect against a clear dark background when stained with GS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genotypes of Human Noroviruses in Tropical Urban Surface Waters and Clinical Samples in Singapore

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (15) ◽  
pp. 4984-4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiong Gim Aw ◽  
Karina Yew-Hoong Gin ◽  
Lynette Lin Ean Oon ◽  
Eileen Xueqin Chen ◽  
Chee Hoe Woo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Capsid Region ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Seminested Pcr ◽  
Comprehensive Surveillance

ABSTRACT The prevalence and genotypes of norovirus genogroup I (GI) and GII in tropical urban catchment waters and an estuarine bay were studied. A comparative analysis was performed with environmental isolates of noroviruses and concurrently identified clinical isolates in Singapore during gastroenteritis outbreaks between August 2006 to January 2007. Noroviruses in environmental water samples were concentrated by using ultrafiltration techniques and then analyzed by reverse transcription-seminested PCR assay targeting the partial capsid region of noroviruses and DNA sequencing. Among the 60 water samples collected, noroviruses were detected in 43 (71.7%) of these samples. Of these 43 norovirus-positive samples, the coexistence of both GI and GII strains was identified in 23 (53.5%) water samples. The phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple genotypes of noroviruses GI and GII in environmental water samples. GI and GII strains were clustered into seven and nine (including two unclassified) genotypes, respectively. The major norovirus genotypes in environmental water samples were GI/2 and GI/4 and GII/4. Genotyping of the 21 norovirus-positive clinical samples showed that all of the strains belonged to the GII/4 cluster. The environmental and clinical norovirus GII/4 isolates showed high levels of nucleotide sequence identity to each other and to the novel GII/4 variant associated with global epidemics of gastroenteritis during 2006. This study suggests the emergence and circulation of multiple novel norovirus GI and GII genotypes in water environments. Further comprehensive surveillance of water environments for noroviruses and routine clinical reporting is warranted.

Improving Mycobacterium spp. detection in water: a new methodological proposal

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
R. Santos ◽  
S. Gonçalves ◽  
F. Macieira ◽  
F. Oliveira ◽  
R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Enrichment Step ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

In recent years, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), once considered merely environmental saprophytes, have emerged as a major cause of opportunistic infections. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission but they have been found in several environmental water samples. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to develop methods of rapidly and accurately detecting non-tuberculous mycobacteria in water samples. To obtain a maximum recovery rate and a reduction of Mycobacterium spp. detection time in water samples, different decontamination, enrichment procedures and antibiotics supplements were tested before the inoculation into the Bactec® system. The proposed method of sample treatment (decrease in the decontamination time, followed for a peptone pre-enrichment step and an aztreonam and cefepime supplement) before the inoculation into the Bactec® system proved to be a good option for reliable and fast detection of Mycobacterium spp. in water samples.

The Occurrence of Male-Specific and Somatic Bacteriophages in Polluted South African Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kfir ◽  
P. Coubrough ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Male Specific

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

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