scholarly journals fNIRS measurement of cortical activation and functional connectivity during a visuospatial working memory task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0201486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Baker ◽  
Jennifer L. Bruno ◽  
Andrew Gundran ◽  
S. M. Hadi Hosseini ◽  
Allan L. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

scholarly journals Correction: fNIRS measurement of cortical activation and functional connectivity during a visuospatial working memory task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0203233
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Baker ◽  
Jennifer L. Bruno ◽  
Andrew Gundran ◽  
S. M. Hadi Hosseini ◽  
Allan L. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

scholarly journals Occipital Cortex of Blind Individuals Is Functionally Coupled with Executive Control Areas of Frontal Cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Deen ◽  
Rebecca Saxe ◽  
Marina Bedny
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Blind Individuals

In congenital blindness, the occipital cortex responds to a range of nonvisual inputs, including tactile, auditory, and linguistic stimuli. Are these changes in functional responses to stimuli accompanied by altered interactions with nonvisual functional networks? To answer this question, we introduce a data-driven method that searches across cortex for functional connectivity differences across groups. Replicating prior work, we find increased fronto-occipital functional connectivity in congenitally blind relative to blindfolded sighted participants. We demonstrate that this heightened connectivity extends over most of occipital cortex but is specific to a subset of regions in the inferior, dorsal, and medial frontal lobe. To assess the functional profile of these frontal areas, we used an n-back working memory task and a sentence comprehension task. We find that, among prefrontal areas with overconnectivity to occipital cortex, one left inferior frontal region responds to language over music. By contrast, the majority of these regions responded to working memory load but not language. These results suggest that in blindness occipital cortex interacts more with working memory systems and raise new questions about the function and mechanism of occipital plasticity.

scholarly journals Declined functional connectivity of white matter during rest and working memory tasks associates with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurui Gao ◽  
Muwei Li ◽  
Anna S Huang ◽  
Adam W Anderson ◽  
Zhaohua Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia, characterized by cognitive impairments, arises from a disturbance of brain network. Pathological changes in white matter (WM) have been indicated as playing a role in disturbing neural connectivity in schizophrenia. However, deficits of functional connectivity (FC) in individual WM bundles in schizophrenia have never been explored; neither have cognitive correlates with those deficits. METHODS: Resting-state and spatial working memory task fMRI images were acquired on 67 healthy subjects and 84 patients with schizophrenia. The correlations in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals between 46 WM and 82 gray matter regions were quantified, analyzed and compared between groups under three scenarios (i.e., resting state, retention period and entire time of a spatial working memory task). Associations of FC in WM with cognitive assessment scores were evaluated for three scenarios. RESULTS: FC deficits were significant (p<.05) in external capsule, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, genu and body of corpus callosum under all three scenarios. Deficits were also present in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle in task scenario. Decreased FCs in specific WM bundles associated significantly (p<.05) with cognitive impairments in working memory, processing speed and/or cognitive control. CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in FC are evident in several WM bundles in patients with schizophrenia and are significantly associated with cognitive impairments during both rest and working memory tasks. Furthermore, working memory tasks expose FC deficits in more WM bundles and more cognitive associates in schizophrenia than resting state does.

Representational Pseudoneglect in an Auditory-Driven Spatial Working Memory Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Brooks ◽  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Robert McIntosh ◽  
Sergio Della Sala
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Descriptions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Two experiments explored lateralized biases in mental representations of matrix patterns formed from aural verbal descriptions. Healthy participants listened, either monaurally or binaurally, to verbal descriptions of 6 by 3 matrix patterns and were asked to form a mental representation of each pattern. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge which half of the matrix, left or right, contained more filled cells and to rate the certainty of their judgement. Participants tended to judge that the left side was fuller than the right and showed significantly greater certainty when judging patterns that were fuller on the left. This tendency was particularly strong for left-ear presentation. In Experiment 2, participants conducted the same task as that in Experiment 1 but were also asked to recall the pattern for the side judged as fuller. Participants were again more certain in judging patterns that were fuller on the left—particularly for left-ear presentation—but were no more accurate in remembering the details from the left. These results suggest that the left side of the mental representation was represented more saliently but it was not remembered more accurately. We refer to this lateralized bias as “representational pseudoneglect”. Results are discussed in terms of theories of visuospatial working memory.

Practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during the rest period preceding the task

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S166
Author(s):  
DD Jolles ◽  
MJ Grol ◽  
MA Van Buchem ◽  
EA Crone ◽  
SARB Rombouts
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Rest Period

Mental imagery in a visuospatial working memory task and modulation of activation

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Fiore ◽  
Erika Borella ◽  
Irene C. Mammarella ◽  
Cesare Cornoldi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

scholarly journals No evidence for changes in GABA concentration, functional connectivity, or working memory following continuous theta burst stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tribikram Thapa ◽  
Joshua Hendrikse ◽  
Sarah Thompson ◽  
Chao Suo ◽  
Mana Biabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Gaba Concentration ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is thought to reduce cortical excitability and modulate functional connectivity, possibly by altering cortical inhibition at the site of stimulation. However, most evidence comes from the motor cortex and it remains unclear whether similar effects occur following stimulation over other brain regions. We assessed whether cTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex altered gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration, functional connectivity and brain dynamics at rest, and brain activation and memory performance during a working memory task. Seventeen healthy individuals participated in a randomised, sham-controlled, cross-over experiment. Before and after either real or sham cTBS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was obtained at rest to measure GABA concentrations, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was recorded at rest and during an n-back working memory task to measure functional connectivity, brain dynamics (low-frequency fluctuations), and task-related patterns of brain activity. We could not find evidence for changes in GABA concentration (P=0.66, Bayes factor [BF10]=0.07), resting-state functional connectivity (P(FWE)>0.05), resting-state low-frequency fluctuations (P=0.88, BF10=0.04), blood-oxygen level dependent activity during the n-back task (P(FWE) >0.05), or working memory performance (P=0.13, BF10=0.05) following real or sham cTBS. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting the effects of cTBS are highly variable between individuals and question the notion that cTBS is a universal 'inhibitory' paradigm.

scholarly journals Cortical Activation in Children with Developmental Dyslexia during a Working Memory Task with Pseudo Kanji

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Shoko Katano ◽  
Akira Uno ◽  
Yoshiya Moriguchi ◽  
Noriko Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cortical Activation
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