scholarly journals Translocating Mycobacterium ulcerans: An experimental model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0230544
Author(s):  
Nassim Hammoudi ◽  
Mustapha Fellag ◽  
Muriel Militello ◽  
Amar Bouam ◽  
Michel Drancourt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

Mycobacterium ulcerans is a non-tuberculous environmental mycobacterium responsible for extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcers in mammals, known as Buruli ulcer in humans. M. ulcerans has seldom been detected in the faeces of mammals and has not been detected in human faeces. Nevertheless, the detection and isolation of M. ulcerans in animal faeces does not fit with the current epidemiological schemes for the disease. Here, using an experimental model in which rats were fed with 109 colony-forming units of M. ulcerans, we detected M. ulcerans DNA in the faeces of challenged rats for two weeks and along their digestive tract for 10 days. M. ulcerans DNA was further detected in the lymphatic system including in the cervical and axillary lymph nodes and the spleen, but not in any other tissue including healthy and broken skin, 10 days post-challenge. These observations indicate that in some herbivorous mammals, M. ulcerans contamination by the digestive route may precede translocation and limited contamination of the lymphatic tissues without systemic infection. These herbivorous mammals may be sources of M. ulcerans for exposed populations but are unlikely to be reservoirs for the pathogen.

scholarly journals Translocating Mycobacterium ulcerans: an experimental model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hammoudi ◽  
M Fellag ◽  
M Militello ◽  
A Bouam ◽  
M Drancourt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals ◽  
Animal Feces

ABSTRACTMycobacterium ulcerans is a non-tuberculous environmental mycobacterium responsible for extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcers in mammals, named Buruli ulcer in patients. M. ulcerans has been seldom detected in the feces of mammals but not in patients, nevertheless the detection and isolation of M. ulcerans in animal feces does not feet with the current epidemiological schemes for the disease. Here using an experimental model in which rats were fed with 109 colony-forming units of M. ulcerans, we detected M. ulcerans in feces of challenged rats for two weeks and along their digestive tract for 10 days. M. ulcerans was further detected in the lymphatic system including cervical and axillary lymph nodes and the spleen, but not in any other tissue including the healthy and breached skin, 10 days post-challenge. These observations indicate that in some herbivorous mammals, M. ulcerans contamination by the digestive route may precede translocation and limited infection of the lymphatic tissues without systemic infection. These herbivorous mammals may be sources of M. ulcerans for exposed populations but are unlikely reservoirs for the pathogen.

scholarly journals Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Mario Taffurelli
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph

Axillary lymph node status is one of the most reliable prognostic factors of long-term survival in breast cancer surgery. Metastatic involvement of the axillary lymph nodes is also crucial in the decision making of potentially useful adjuvant treatment. Until the last decade, Axillary Lymph Nodes Dissection (ALND) was performed in order to obtain the regional lymphatic system staging. In case of non-metastatic spread, that kind of surgery was limited only to this purpose; no further oncological benefits were obtained and the patients were exposed to several comorbidities affecting this type of surgery. Complications after ALND are reported in 15-30% of cases. They are well known and range from early bleeding, infection, symptomatic nerve damage, and longstanding limb lymph-edema with an incredible impairment of the quality of life.The Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) theory holds that the SLNs are the first nodes draining lymph from an anatomic region (i.e. the breast) where metastatic disease will most likely to be found. If that node is found to be cancer free, the entire lymphatic system is likely to be cancer free; if it is metastatic, there is an elevated chance of finding more metastatic nodes. Thanks to the application of this hypothesis, several patients over the last 10-15 years have avoided unnecessary major demolitive surgery. To obtain accurate evaluation of the SLN a multidisciplinary dedicated team is necessary. This procedure has been internationally validated and the false negative rate is nowadays less than 5% when performed by expert hands. Dedicated breast surgeons working in a high-volume centres are necessary to reach satisfactory confidence in performing this very specialised procedure in order to obtain an accurate staging. The number of women presenting to the breast oncology units is continuously increasing and the implementation of screening programs has been crucial in detecting numerous patients (more than 75%) with early disease and non-metastatic axillary lymph nodes. The practice of the SLN is clearly able to offer those patients an accurate staging with low comorbidities, preserving their quality of life.

An Unusual Metastasis of Posterior Neck and Axillary Lymph Nodes from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Yong Tae Hong ◽  
◽  
Phan Huu Ngoc Minh ◽  
Ki Hwan Hong ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Posterior Neck

Interactions between ecological and socio-economic drivers of Buruli ulcer burden in Sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for an improved control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andes Garchitorena ◽  
Matthew H. Bonds ◽  
Jean-Francois Guégan ◽  
Benjamin Roche
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter provides an overview of the complex interactions between ecological and socioeconomic factors for the development and control of Buruli ulcer in Sub-Saharan Africa. We review key ecological and evolutionary processes driving the environmental persistence and proliferation of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent, within aquatic environments, as well as transmission processes from these aquatic environments to human populations. We also outline key socioeconomic factors driving the economic and health burden of Buruli ulcer in endemic regions, revealed by reciprocal feedbacks between poverty, disease transmission from exposure aquatic environments and disease progression to severe stages owing to low access to health care. The implications of such insights for disease control, both in terms of limitations of current strategies and directions for the future, are discussed.

scholarly journals New insights in the expression of stromal caveolin 1 in breast cancer spread to axillary lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Giovanni Fanelli ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Michele Menicagli ◽  
Paolo Aretini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a loss of expression of caveolin in the stromal compartment (sCav-1) of human invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) may be a predictor of disease recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. At present, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of sCav-1 at the metastatic sites. We therefore studied sCav-1 expression in IBCs and in their axillary lymph nodes to seek a correlation with cancer metastasis. 189 consecutive invasive IBCs (53 with axillary lymph node metastases and 136 without) were studied by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Cav-1 antibody. In IBCs sCav-1 was evaluated in fibroblasts scattered in the tumor stroma whereas in lymph nodes sCav-1 was assessed in fibroblast-like stromal cells. For the first time, we observed a statistically significant progressive loss of sCav-1 from normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors limited to the breast to metastatic axillary lymph nodes, through normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors with axillary metastatic spread. These data indicate that Cav-1 expressed by the stromal compartment of lymph nodes, somehow, may possibly contribute to metastatic spread in IBC.

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