scholarly journals High rate of completion for weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid treatment in Chinese children with latent tuberculosis infection—A single center study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253159
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhi-dong Hu ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Xu-hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Three months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) is a short course regimen for latent tuberculosis infection treatment with satisfied safety and efficacy. However, research on its use in children is limited. In this study, we evaluated the completion rate and safety of the 3HP regimen among children in China. Participants aged 1–14 years receiving 3HP for TB prevention at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were followed from December 2019 to November 2020 to evaluate the safety and completion rate of the treatment. Thirty-one children were eligible for inclusion, but five were excluded from the analysis (three were treated with a lower than recommended dose, and two were lost to follow-up). Of the 26 children included in the analysis, the treatment completion rate was 100%. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 38.5% (10/26) of the patients. The most common ADRs were gastrointestinal symptoms (19.2%,5/26), and all ADRs were rated as Grade 1. The 3HP regimen has a high completion rate, and it seems well tolerated in our study population. However, further randomized controlled clinical trial with larger sample size are warranted.

scholarly journals Safety and Completion Rate of Short‐Course Therapy for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Cook ◽  
Ricardo A. Maldonado ◽  
Connie T. Yarnell ◽  
Don Holbert
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Short Course

scholarly journals Completion Rates, Adverse Effects, and Costs of a 3-Month and 9-Month Treatment Regimen for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in California Inmates, 2011-2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 71S-79S ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wheeler ◽  
Janet Mohle-Boetani
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Completion ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: In California, about 80% of tuberculosis disease is caused by untreated latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and the rate of LTBI is higher among incarcerated persons (16%) than among nonincarcerated persons (6%). We compared 2 regimens to treat LTBI in an adult prison population in California: 9 months of twice-weekly isoniazid (9H; previous standard of care) and 12 once-weekly doses of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP; introduced in 2011). Methods: We evaluated the rates of completion and discontinuation caused by hepatotoxicity among randomly selected patients with LTBI prescribed the 9H regimen in 2011 and among patients with LTBI prescribed the 3HP regimen who entered California prisons during September 2013–March 2014. We compared the cost per fully treated patient for the 2 regimens. Results: Of 92 patients treated with the 9H regimen, the treatment completion rate was 42% and discontinuation due to hepatotoxicity was 14%. Of 122 patients who accepted the 3HP regimen, the completion rate was 90% and discontinuation due to hepatotoxicity was 2%. The cost per fully treated patient for the 9H regimen was $981 and for 3HP was $652. Conclusions: In an incarcerated population, the 3HP regimen had a higher completion rate, lower hepatotoxicity, and lower cost per fully treated patient than the 9H regimen. If coupled with a high treatment initiation rate, the high rate of LTBI treatment completion with 3HP may contribute to reducing tuberculosis morbidity in California.

scholarly journals Safety of the Rifampin and Pyrazinamide Short-Course Regimen for Treating Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ijaz ◽  
P. D. McElroy ◽  
J. Jereb ◽  
T. R. Navin ◽  
K. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Short Course

scholarly journals Completion rate of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in patients aged 65 years and older

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Suk Noh ◽  
Hwan Il Kim ◽  
Hayoung Choi ◽  
Youlim Kim ◽  
Cheol-Hong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Infection Treatment

scholarly journals Activity of a long-acting injectable bedaquiline formulation in a paucibacillary mouse model of latent tuberculosis infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kaushik ◽  
Nicole C. Ammerman ◽  
Sandeep Tyagi ◽  
Vikram Saini ◽  
Iwan Vervoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Aerosol Infection

ABSTRACTThe potent anti-tuberculosis activity and long half-life of bedaquiline make it an attractive candidate for long-acting/extended release formulations for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Our objective was to evaluate a long-acting injectable (LAI) bedaquiline formulation in a validated paucibacillary mouse model of LTBI. Following immunization with Mycobacterium bovis rBCG30, BALB/c mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Treatment began 13 weeks after challenge infection with one of the following regimens: untreated negative control; positive controls of daily rifampin (10 mg/kg), once-weekly rifapentine (15 mg/kg) and isoniazid (50 mg/kg), or daily bedaquiline (25 mg/kg); test regimens of one, two, or three monthly doses of LAI bedaquiline at 160 mg/dose (BLAI-160); and test regimens of daily bedaquiline at 2.67 (B2.67), 5.33 (B5.33), or 8 (B8) mg/kg to deliver the same total bedaquiline as one, two, or three doses of BLAI-160, respectively. All drugs were administered orally, except for BLAI-160 (intramuscular injection). The primary outcome was the decline in M. tuberculosis lung CFU counts during 12 weeks of treatment. The negative and positive control regimens performed as expected. One, two, and three doses of BLA-160 resulted in decreases of 2.9, 3.2, and 3.5 log10 CFU/lung, respectively by week 12. Daily oral dosing with B2.67, B5.33, and B8 decreased lung CFU counts by 1.6, 2.8, and 4.1 log10, respectively. One dose of BLAI-160 exhibited activity for at least 12 weeks. The sustained activity of BLAI-160 indicates promise as a short-course LTBI treatment requiring few patient encounters to ensure treatment completion.

scholarly journals Short-course regimens of rifapentine plus isoniazid to treat latent tuberculosis infection in older Chinese patients: a randomised controlled study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1801470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Henan Xin ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
Shouguo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Active Disease

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is now a critical component of the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy.In this randomised controlled trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier ChiCTR-IOR-15007202), two short-course regimens with rifapentine plus isoniazid (a 3-month once-weekly regimen and a 2-month twice-weekly regimen) were initially designed to be evaluated for rural residents aged 50–69 years with LTBI in China.Due to the increasingly rapid growth and unexpected high frequency of adverse effects, the treatments were terminated early (after 8 weeks for the once-weekly regimen and after 6 weeks for the twice-weekly regimen). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis on the completed doses, the cumulative rate of active disease during 2 years of follow-up was 1.21% (14 out of 1155) in the untreated controls, 0.78% (10 out of 1284) in the group that received the 8-week once-weekly regimen and 0.46% (six out of 1299) in the group that received the 6-week twice-weekly regimen. The risk of active disease was decreased, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.63 (95% CI 0.27–1.43) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.15–1.09) for the treatments, respectively. No significant difference was found in the occurrence of hepatotoxicity (1.02% (13 out of 1279) versus 1.17% (15 out of 1279); p=0.704).The short regimens tested must be used with caution among the elderly because of the high rates of adverse effects. Further work is necessary to test the ultrashort regimens in younger people with LTBI.

scholarly journals Completion and adverse drug events of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in patients receiving dialysis: predictors and impacts of different regimens in a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yung Lin ◽  
Jia-Yih Feng ◽  
Chih-Yuan Lee ◽  
Yi-Chih Lin ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Objectives: Although patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis are at high risk for tuberculosis, the optimal treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in this group has scarcely been studied for predictors of completion rate and adverse drug events (ADE). Methods: We prospectively enrolled dialysis patients for LTBI intervention from three medical centers in Taiwan. LTBI treatments were three-month weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) and nine-month daily isoniazid (9H). Completion rate, ADE, and reasons for treatment termination were recorded. Factors associated with treatment termination and ADE were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: In all, 91 treatment courses (41 9H and 50 3HP) were surveyed. The completion rates were 61% for 9H and 82% for 3HP (p=0.046). Use of 9H and development of ≥grade 2 ADEs were associated with treatment termination. Hypersensitivity occurred in 29.2% of subjects in the 3HP group and 10.8% in the 9H group (p=0.035) and independently correlated with 3HP regimen, diabetes mellitus (DM) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Similarly, the independent predictors of ≥grade 2 ADEs were use of 3HP regimen, presence of DM, and use of PD, whereas ≥grade 3 ADEs were associated with eosinophil >700/mm3 after 2 weeks of LTBI treatment even after adjustment for age and gender. Conclusions: For patients on dialysis, 3HP showed a higher rate of completion but also a higher rate of ≥grade 2 ADE than 9H. In addition, DM and PD were risk for ≥grade 2 ADE. Eosinophilia after 2-week treatment might be an alert for severe ADE.

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