scholarly journals Viral burden and diversity in acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259443
Author(s):  
J. A. A. S. Jayaweera ◽  
A. J. Morel ◽  
A. M. S. B. Abeykoon ◽  
F. N. N. Pitchai ◽  
H. S. Kothalawela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Wet Zone

The present study was done to identify the viral diversity, seasonality and burden associated with childhood acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in Sri Lanka. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of hospitalized children (1 month—5 years) with ARTI were collected in 2 centers (wet and dry zones) from March 2013 to August 2014. Respiratory viral antigen detection by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify the infecting viruses. IFA negative 100 NPA samples were tested for human metapeumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus and corona viruses by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 443 and 418 NPAs, 37.2% and 39.4% were positive for any of the 8 different respiratory viruses tested from two centers studied. Viral co-infection was detected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in both centers. Peak viral detection was noted in the wet zone from May-July 2013 and 2014 and in the dry zone from December-January 2014 suggesting a local seasonality for viral ARTI. RSV showed a clear seasonality with a direct correlation of monthly RSV infections with rainy days in the wet zone and an inverse correlation with temperature in both centers. The case fatality rate was 2.7% for RSV associated ARTI. The overall disability adjusted life years was 335.9 and for RSV associated ARTI it was 241.8. RSV was the commonly detected respiratory virus with an annual seasonality and distribution in rainy seasons in the dry and wet zones of Sri Lanka. Identifying the virus and seasonality will contribute to employ preventive measures and reduce the empirical use of antibiotics in resource limited settings.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with lower respiratory tract infections in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
Menghua Xu ◽  
Lingfeng Cao ◽  
Liyun Su ◽  
Lijuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Background The multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken during the COVID-19 pandemic not only decrease the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2, but have impact on the prevalence of other viruses. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of common respiratory viruses among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Respiratory specimens were obtained from children with LRTI at Children’s Hospital of Fudan University for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 to 3, influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human metapneumovirus (MPV) and rhinovirus (RV). The data were analyzed and compared between the year of 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic) and 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic). Results A total of 7107 patients were enrolled, including 4600 patients in 2019 and 2507 patients in 2020. Compared with 2019, we observed an unprecedented reduction of RSV, ADV, FluA, FluB, and MPV infections in 2020, despite of reopening of schools in June, 2020. However, the RV infection was significantly increased in 2020 and a sharp increase was observed especially after reopening of schools. Besides, the PIV infection showed resurgent characteristic after September of 2020. The mixed infections were significantly less frequent in 2020 compared with the year of 2019. Conclusions The NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic have great impact on the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in China. Meanwhile, we do need to be cautious of a possible resurgence of some respiratory viruses as the COVID-19 restrictions are relaxed.

scholarly journals Do pollution and climate influence respiratory tract infections in children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Duarte Passos ◽  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Ana Paula Felgueiras ◽  
Patrícia Costa Beneli ◽  
Micheline de S. Z. S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

To review if pollution and climate changes can influence respiratory tract infections in children. Data source: articles published on the subject in PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, EBSCO and UpTodate were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: scientific papers between 2002 and 2012, study design, the pediatric population, reference documents such as the CETESB and World Health Organization Summary of the data: We analyzed research that correlated respiratory viruses and climate and/or pollution changes. Respiratory syncytial virus has been the virus related most to changes in climate and humidity. Other "old and new" respiratory viruses such as Human Bocavirus, Metapneumovirus, Parechovirus and Parainfuenza would need to be investigated owing to their clinical importance. Although much has been studied with regard to the relationship between climate change and public health, specific studies about its influence on children's health remain scarce.

scholarly journals Specific Viruses Detected in Nigerian Children in Association with Acute Respiratory Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwabukola M. Akinloye ◽  
Esa Rönkkö ◽  
Carita Savolainen-Kopra ◽  
Thedi Ziegler ◽  
Bamidele A. Iwalokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Influenza C Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Occurrence of different viruses in acute respiratory tract infections of Nigerian children was examined. Respiratory swabs were collected from 246 children referred to hospital clinics because of acute respiratory symptoms from February through May 2009. Validated real-time RT-PCR techniques revealed nucleic acids of at least one virus group in 189 specimens (77%). Human rhinoviruses and parainfluenza viruses were present each in one third of the children. Adenoviruses, enteroviruses, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and influenza C virus were also relatively common. Possibly due to their seasonal occurrence, influenza A and B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected rarely. We conclude that all major groups of respiratory tract viruses are causing illness in Nigerian children.

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