scholarly journals Specific Viruses Detected in Nigerian Children in Association with Acute Respiratory Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwabukola M. Akinloye ◽  
Esa Rönkkö ◽  
Carita Savolainen-Kopra ◽  
Thedi Ziegler ◽  
Bamidele A. Iwalokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Influenza C Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Occurrence of different viruses in acute respiratory tract infections of Nigerian children was examined. Respiratory swabs were collected from 246 children referred to hospital clinics because of acute respiratory symptoms from February through May 2009. Validated real-time RT-PCR techniques revealed nucleic acids of at least one virus group in 189 specimens (77%). Human rhinoviruses and parainfluenza viruses were present each in one third of the children. Adenoviruses, enteroviruses, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and influenza C virus were also relatively common. Possibly due to their seasonal occurrence, influenza A and B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected rarely. We conclude that all major groups of respiratory tract viruses are causing illness in Nigerian children.

Respiratory tract viruses

2020 ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Malik Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Viral respiratory infections, including coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza viruses, are a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most notably the COVID-19 pandemic. Transmission occurs through direct contact, contaminated fomites, and large airborne droplets, with long-range transmission by small particle aerosols reported in at least some instances of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical syndromes affect the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, including coryza, pharyngitis, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Each syndrome can potentially be caused by several viruses, and each respiratory virus can be associated with different clinical syndromes. Measles is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and fatality in tropical countries.

Respiratory tract viruses

2020 ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Malik Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Respiratory Tract Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Viral respiratory infections, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza viruses, are a substantial cause of morbidity worldwide. Transmission occurs through direct contact, contaminated fomites, and large airborne droplets, with long-range transmission by small particle aerosols reported in at least some instances of influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical syndromes affect the upper and/or lower respiratory tract, including coryza, pharyngitis, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Each syndrome can potentially be caused by several viruses, and each respiratory virus can be associated with different clinical syndromes. Measles is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and fatality in tropical countries.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Viral Coinfections with the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Gaspar A. Pacheco ◽  
Nicolás M. S. Gálvez ◽  
Jorge A. Soto ◽  
Catalina A. Andrade ◽  
Alexis M. Kalergis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years old. Notably, hRSV infections can give way to pneumonia and predispose to other respiratory complications later in life, such as asthma. Even though the social and economic burden associated with hRSV infections is tremendous, there are no approved vaccines to date to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen. Recently, coinfections and superinfections have turned into an active field of study, and interactions between many viral and bacterial pathogens have been studied. hRSV is not an exception since polymicrobial infections involving this virus are common, especially when illness has evolved into pneumonia. Here, we review the epidemiology and recent findings regarding the main polymicrobial infections involving hRSV and several prevalent bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, human rhinoviruses, influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza viruses. As reports of most polymicrobial infections involving hRSV lack a molecular basis explaining the interaction between hRSV and these pathogens, we believe this review article can serve as a starting point to interesting and very much needed research in this area.

Serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses: A prospective three-year follow-up from birth

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harsten ◽  
K. Prellner ◽  
B. Löfgren ◽  
J. Heldrup ◽  
O. Kalm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Children Development ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractAcute otitis media (AOM) has been epidemiologically related to viral respiratory tract infections, and viral antigens have also been detected in middle ear secretion in some AOM episodes. Successive serum samples from children followed prospectively for three years from birth were analysed for IgG antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses and influenza A virus.Values from serum antibody activity gradually decreased during the first six months of life, followed by a gradual increase. Various relationships were found to obtain between age and the increases of antibody activity against the different viruses. Thus, three quarters of those tested had manifested increased antibody activity against RSV by 18 months of age, and against adenoviruses by 30 months of age. No increase of antibody activity against influenza A was noted before 12 months of age, and then only seen in two thirds of those tested during the entire three-year observation period. With regard to age, however, the proportion of children with increased antibody activity to RSV, adenoviruses or influenza A virus did not differ between otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Thus, as compared to non-otitis-prone children, development of the ability to produce antibodies against these viruses was not found to be delayed in otitis-prone children.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and virological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueling Zhu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Binbin Yang ◽  
Ruiying Qian ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on respiratory tract infections in children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods We extracted data on outpatient visits and respiratory infection visits, and tests of respiratory viruses (adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) from electronic healthcare records in Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January–April, 2020), compared with those in 2018 and 2019 during the same periods. Results We found that outpatient visits in January, 2020 was comparable with those in 2018 and 2019, but decreased by 59.9% (288,003 vs. 717,983) and 57.4% (288,003 vs. 676,704), respectively during the period of February-April, 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The total number of respiratory tract infections from January to April 2020 decreased by 65.7% (119,532 vs.348,762) and 59.0% (119,532 vs.291,557), respectively compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The proportion of respiratory tract infections during the outbreak also dropped compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.001). We also found significantly decreased number of completed tests for respiratory viruses and positive cases of ADV, FluA, FluB, and RSV during February-April, 2020. Conclusions In this study, we found that outpatient visits and respiratory tract infections in children significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak. Adequate protective measures and isolation in children may help to prevent respiratory virus infections in children.

scholarly journals Do pollution and climate influence respiratory tract infections in children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Duarte Passos ◽  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Ana Paula Felgueiras ◽  
Patrícia Costa Beneli ◽  
Micheline de S. Z. S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

To review if pollution and climate changes can influence respiratory tract infections in children. Data source: articles published on the subject in PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, EBSCO and UpTodate were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: scientific papers between 2002 and 2012, study design, the pediatric population, reference documents such as the CETESB and World Health Organization Summary of the data: We analyzed research that correlated respiratory viruses and climate and/or pollution changes. Respiratory syncytial virus has been the virus related most to changes in climate and humidity. Other "old and new" respiratory viruses such as Human Bocavirus, Metapneumovirus, Parechovirus and Parainfuenza would need to be investigated owing to their clinical importance. Although much has been studied with regard to the relationship between climate change and public health, specific studies about its influence on children's health remain scarce.

scholarly journals Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. CHEW ◽  
S. DORAISINGHAM ◽  
A. E. LING ◽  
G. KUMARASINGHE ◽  
B. W. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Viral Respiratory

To evaluate the seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in a tropical environment, a retrospective survey of laboratory virus isolation, serology and immunofluorescence microscopy in two large general hospitals in Singapore between September 1990 and September 1994 was carried out. Respiratory tract viral outbreaks, particularly among infants who required hospitalization, were found to be associated mainly with respiratory syncytial (RSV) infections (72%), influenza (11%) and parainfluenza viruses (11%). Consistent seasonal variations in viral infections were observed only with RSV (March–August) and influenza A virus (peaks in June, December–January). The RSV trends were associated with higher environmental temperature, lower relative humidity and higher maximal day-to-day temperature variation. Although the influenza A outbreaks were not associated with meteorological factors, influenza B isolates were positively associated with rainfall. These data support the existence of seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics.

scholarly journals Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Widhidewi ◽  
Ageng Wiyatno ◽  
Aghnianditya Kresno Dewantari ◽  
Lila Paramasatiari ◽  
Sri Agung Aryastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is the most common infectious disease in humans worldwide. The morbidity and mortality rates are high, especially in developing countries from Southeast Asia and Africa. While ARTI is commonly associated with viruses, there is limited data on the spectrum of viruses causing ARTI in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study was based on utilizing molecular techniques targeting a panel of 11 endemic and emerging respiratory viral pathogens including zoonotic viruses in a cohort of children and adults presenting at Tabanan General Hospital, Bali, with acute respiratory illness, from January to November 2017. In total, 98 out of 200 samples (49.0 %) tested positive for viruses. Our study confirmed 64.3 % viral etiology in children and 12.2 % in adults. Viruses that were detected were Herpesviridae (15.0 %) followed by enteroviruses (12.0 %), influenza A virus (11.5 %), respiratory syncytial virus (8.0 %), Adenoviridae (6.5 %), human metapneumovirus (3.5 %), Paramyxoviridae (2.0 %), bocavirus (1.0 %) and Coronaviridae (0.5 %). The study sheds light on the viral spectrum of ARTI in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia

scholarly journals Respiratory infections in children up to two years of age on prophylaxis with palivizumab

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel M. P. Monteiro ◽  
Nancy Cristina J. Bellei ◽  
Alessandra Ramos Sousa ◽  
Amélia Miyashiro N. dos Santos ◽  
Lily Yin Weckx
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

OBJECTIVE:To identify the viruses involved in acute respiratory tract infections and to analyze the rates of hospitalization and death in children on palivizumab prophylaxis.METHODS: Prospective cohort of 198 infants up to one year old who were born before 29 weeks of gestational age and infants under two years old with hemodynamically unstable cardiopathy or chronic pulmonary disease who received prophylactic palivizumab against severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in 2008. During the study period, in each episode of acute respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngeal aspirate was collected to identify respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, influenza A and B by direct immunofluorescence, rhinovirus and metapneumovirus by polymerase chain reaction preceded by reverse transcription. Data regarding hospitalization and deaths were monitored.RESULTS: Among the 198 studied infants, 117 (59.1%) presented acute respiratory tract infections, with a total of 175 episodes. Of the 76 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected during respiratory tract infections, 37 were positive, as follow: rhinovirus (75.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (18.9%), parainfluenza (8.1%), adenovirus 2 (2.7%), metapneumovirus (2.7%) and three samples presented multiple agents. Of the 198 children, 48 (24.4%) were hospitalized: 30 (15.2%) for non-infectious etiology and 18 (9.1%) for respiratory causes. Among these 18 children, one case of respiratory syncytial virus was identified. Two deaths were reported, but respiratory syncytial virus was not identified.CONCLUSIONS: During the prophylaxis period, low frequency of respiratory syncytial virus infections and low rates of hospitalization were observed, suggesting the benefit of palivizumab prophylaxis.

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