Early Childhood Temperament and the Covariation Between Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior in School-Aged Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Rhee ◽  
Victoria E. Cosgrove ◽  
Stephanie Schmitz ◽  
Brett C. Haberstick ◽  
Robin C. Corley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Measurement Variance ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThere is significant covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior, although there is also evidence that internalizing behavior is a protective factor against externalizing behavior. Several researchers have posited that the examination of the relationship between temperament or personality and behavior problems may help explain these seemingly contradictory results. Specifically, negative emotionality or neuroticism has been cited as a temperament characteristic that internalizing and externalizing behavior share in common, whereas behavioral inhibition may be related only to internalizing behavior. We examined the degree to which the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior assessed from age 4 to 12 years can be explained by temperament characteristics assessed from age 14 to 36 months. Additionally, we assessed the extent to which this relationship is due to genetic or environmental factors, analyzing data from 225 monozygotic and 185 dizygotic twin pairs assessed by the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study. In males, a portion of the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior was explained by shared environmental influences in common with emotionality and shared environmental influences in common with shyness. In females, most of the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior was explained by shared environmental influences in common with emotionality. A possible limitation of this study is that the covariation between temperament and behavior problems may be due to shared measurement variance, as parent ratings were used to assess both temperament and behavior problems.

Nonshared experiences within the family: Correlates of behavioral problems in middle childhood

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Dunn ◽  
Clare Stocker ◽  
Robert Plomin
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Older Siblings

AbstractOne of the most dramatic findings from quantitative genetic research is that environmental influences shared by siblings in a family do not make the siblings similar in terms of psychopathology. Sibling resemblance for psychopathology appears to be genetic rather than environmental in origin; environmental influences that affect the development of psychopathology must be nonshared and make children in the same family different rather than similar. This study sets out to identify environmental factors that differ for young siblings and to assess associations between such nonshared factors and differences in the older siblings' outcome in two domains: internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Maternal interview and observations of differential maternal and sibling behavior were compared within 67 sibling dyads (younger and older siblings aged 4 and 7 years, respectively, on average), and differential experiences were related to the adjustment of the older sibling, as assessed by mother and teacher. Differential maternal behavior appeared to be particularly important as a predictor of adjustment problems. Older siblings showed internalizing problems in families in which mothers were less affectionate to the older than to the younger sibling. Greater maternal control toward the older than the younger sibling predicted both internalizing and externalizing problems. Differential maternal behavior explained 34% of the variance of internalizing behavior and 27% of the variance of externalizing behavior problems, independent of variance explained by family structure variables. Although the sample was unselected for psychopathology and was too small to permit analyses of the diagnosable extremes of internalizing and externalizing dimensions, these results are encouraging in relation to the goal of identifying systematic sources of nonshared environment that affect the development of psychopathology.

The role of HPA-axis function during pregnancy in the intergenerational transmission of maternal adverse childhood experiences to child behavior problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jenna C. Thomas-Argyriou ◽  
Nicole Letourneau ◽  
Deborah Dewey ◽  
Tavis S. Campbell ◽  
Gerald F. Giesbrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Child Behavior Problems ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract The current study aimed to understand the mediating and/or moderating role of prenatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 4. The influence of timing and child sex were also explored. Participants were 248 mother–child dyads enrolled in a prospective longitudinal cohort study (the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition Study). Maternal ACEs were retrospectively assessed while maternal self-reported depression and diurnal salivary cortisol were assessed prospectively at 6–26 weeks gestation (T1) and 27–37 weeks gestation (T2). Maternal report of child internalizing and externalizing problems was assessed at 4 years (T3). Results revealed that there was a negative indirect association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing behavior via a higher maternal cortisol awakening response (CAR). Maternal diurnal cortisol slope moderated the association between maternal ACEs and child behavior problems. Some of these effects were dependent on child sex, such that higher ACEs and a flatter diurnal slope at T1 was associated with more internalizing behavior in female children and more externalizing behavior in male children. There were timing effects such that the mediating and moderating effects were strongest at T1.

scholarly journals Language and internalizing and externalizing behavioral adjustment: Developmental pathways from childhood to adolescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Chun-Shin Hahn ◽  
Joan T. D. Suwalsky
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Adjustment ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Intelligence Education ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractTwo independent prospective longitudinal studies that cumulatively spanned the age interval from 4 years to 14 years used multiwave designs to investigate developmental associations between language and behavioral adjustment (internalizing and externalizing behavior problems). Altogether 224 children, their mothers, and teachers provided data. Series of nested path analysis models were used to determine the most parsimonious and plausible paths among the three constructs over and above stability in each across age and their covariation at each age. In both studies, children with poorer language skills in early childhood had more internalizing behavior problems in later childhood and in early adolescence. These developmental paths between language and behavioral adjustment held after taking into consideration children's nonverbal intellectual functioning, maternal verbal intelligence, education, parenting knowledge, and social desirability bias, as well as family socioeconomic status, and they applied equally to girls and boys.

Trust and Communication With a Caregiver Reduces Behavior Problems and Protects Against Stress Among Urban Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2094758
Author(s):  
Bridget Murphy ◽  
Marilyn Franklin ◽  
Yi Tak Tsang ◽  
Kelsey Sala-Hamrick ◽  
Mareena Atalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Parent Trust ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Youth, particularly urban minority youth, are exposed to high levels of stressful and potentially traumatic life events that have been linked to a wide array of negative outcomes including internalizing and externalizing problems. Youth perceptions of their interpersonal relationship quality with caregivers and friends were examined as potential promotive and protective factors counteracting the link between exposure to stressful and traumatic events and behavior problems. Participants were 85 urban, predominantly African American of age 13–17 years (60% girls). Results supported the hypothesis that youth report of parent trust and communication would serve as a promotive and protective factor, moderating the association between stressful life events and behavior problems. In contrast, peer trust and communication did not appear to counteract the association between stress and behavior problems. Instead, reports of trust and communication with friends appeared to increase the association between stress exposure and internalizing problems.

Examining income dynamics and externalizing and internalizing trajectories through a developmental psychopathology lens: A nationally representative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Portia Miller ◽  
Laura Betancur ◽  
Kendra Whitfield ◽  
Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Trajectory Model ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Abstract Prior research has documented elevations in levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors among children in lower income families in comparison to more advantaged peers. However, most studies focus on behavior problems at a single point in time or within a short developmental period. Associations between income dynamics and developmental trajectories of behavior problems over time are less understood. To address this, the current study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (N = 7,476; 50.8% male) to examine how income dynamics (annual income and income volatility) across three distinct developmental periods from early childhood to early adolescence relate to trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems. Group-based mixture modeling revealed a five-group trajectory model for externalizing behavior and a four-group trajectory model for internalizing behavior. Higher cumulative annual income predicted greater likelihood of belonging to the low-stable group compared to the other, more problematic groups for both externalizing and internalizing trajectories. In addition, income losses predicted higher risk of membership in any group other than the low-stable group for internalizing and externalizing behavior. Developmental period-specific income dynamics, though not as consistent as cumulative dynamics, also predicted trajectory group membership.

scholarly journals The relationship between machine-learning-derived sleep parameters and behavior problems in 3- and 5-year-old children: results from the CHILD Cohort study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Hammam ◽  
Dorna Sadeghi ◽  
Valerie Carson ◽  
Sukhpreet K Tamana ◽  
Victor E Ezeugwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Study Objectives Machine learning (ML) may provide insights into the underlying sleep stages of accelerometer-assessed sleep duration. We examined associations between ML-sleep patterns and behavior problems among preschool children. Methods Children from the CHILD Cohort Edmonton site with actigraphy and behavior data at 3-years (n = 330) and 5-years (n = 304) were included. Parent-reported behavior problems were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification method was used for ML analysis of the accelerometer sleep period. The average time each participant spent in each HMM-derived sleep state was expressed in hours per day. We analyzed associations between sleep and behavior problems stratified by children with and without sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Results Four hidden sleep states were identified at 3 years and six hidden sleep states at 5 years using HMM. The first sleep state identified for both ages (HMM-0) had zero counts (no movement). The remaining hidden states were merged together (HMM-mov). Children spent an average of 8.2 ± 1.2 h/day in HMM-0 and 2.6 ± 0.8 h/day in HMM-mov at 3 years. At age 5, children spent an average of 8.2 ± 0.9 h/day in HMM-0 and 1.9 ± 0.7 h/day in HMM-mov. Among SDB children, each hour in HMM-0 was associated with 0.79-point reduced externalizing behavior problems (95% CI −1.4, −0.12; p < 0.05), and a 1.27-point lower internalizing behavior problems (95% CI −2.02, −0.53; p < 0.01). Conclusions ML-sleep states were not associated with behavior problems in the general population of children. Children with SDB who had greater sleep duration without movement had lower behavioral problems. The ML-sleep states require validation with polysomnography.

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