On the Relative Efficacy of α-Linolenic Acid and Preformed Docosahexaenoic Acid as Substrates for Tissue Docosahexaenoate During Perinatal Development

The present study evaluated the effects of wash-out on the fatty acid (FA) composition in the muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail. After 109 days during which fish were fed either a fish oil (FO)-based diet (FO 100) or a diet (FO 0) in which FO was completely substituted by vegetable oils, all fish were subjected to a wash-out with FO 100 diet for 90 days. The FA profile of muscles in fish fed FO 0 diet at the beginning of the experiment reflected that of dietary vegetable oils, rich in linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and was deficient in AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). No essential FA were fully restored in fish previously fed FO 0 diet on 45th or 90th day of wash-out. At the end of wash-out, the FA composition showed that AA, EPA, and DHA in the white muscles increased by +33%, +16%, and +43% (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, AA and DHA in the red muscles increased by +33% and +41% respectively, while EPA remained similar to fish fed FO 0 diet exclusively. Therefore, a 90-d wash-out can partially improve the FA profile in muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail previously fed vegetable oil-based diets.

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Accretion of n−3 fatty acids in the brain and retina of chicks fed a low-linolenic acid diet supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/59.6.1338 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1338-1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G J Anderson ◽

W E Connor

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Acid Diet ◽

Low Linolenic Acid ◽

Low Linolenic ◽

The Brain

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Retailoring docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipid species during impaired neurogenesis following omega-3 α-linolenic acid deprivation

Journal of Neurochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06866.x ◽

2010 ◽

pp. no-no ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Annette Brand ◽

Michael A. Crawford ◽

Ephraim Yavin

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Phospholipid Species ◽

Impaired Neurogenesis

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Serum n-3 Tetracosapentaenoic Acid and Tetracosahexaenoic Acid Increase Following Higher Dietary α-Linolenic Acid but not Docosahexaenoic Acid

Lipids ◽

10.1007/s11745-016-4223-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Adam H. Metherel ◽

Anthony F. Domenichiello ◽

Alex P. Kitson ◽

Yu-Hong Lin ◽

Richard P. Bazinet

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Tetracosahexaenoic Acid

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Distinct Transcriptional Signatures of Monocytes Treated with α-linolenic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1270-1270

Author(s):

Samantha Pauls ◽

Christopher Pascoe ◽

Lisa Rodway ◽

Carla Taylor ◽

Harold Aukema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Principal Component ◽

Change Analysis ◽

Future Studies ◽

Engineering Research

Abstract Objectives Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be obtained directly from the diet or produced by elongation and desaturation of α-linolenic acid (ALA). Both are proposed to reduce inflammation associated with obesity, however, fewer studies have investigated ALA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression changes in monocytes induced by each fatty acid and to compare the predicted functional outcomes. Methods RNA was extracted from THP-1 monocytes treated with ALA, DHA or vehicle for 48 h and then transcriptomics profiles were assessed by microarray. Multiple tools were used for data interpretation, including fold change analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Variable Importance Projection (VIP), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Network Analyst. Results We found that the ALA and DHA treatments produced distinct profiles with many individual genes making small contributions to the separation between groups. Relative to vehicle treatment, many downregulated targets were similarly affected by both ALA and DHA. Several of these downregulated genes are involved in cholesterol synthesis and are regulated by miR-335–5p, a microRNA upregulated by both treatments. Consistently, IPA predicted similar pathways and functions are decreased by ALA and DHA, most notably cholesterol biosynthesis. In contrast, ALA and DHA upregulated unique gene sets and in agreement IPA predicted each treatment would activate distinct pathways and functions. ALA was strongly and uniquely predicted to increase infection responses while only DHA was predicted to increase oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, analysis of the protein-protein interaction network involving the genes modified by each fatty acid treatment allowed us to predict the most functionally important gene targets, which will be tested in future studies. Conclusions These analyses have revealed both unique and overlapping effects of ALA and DHA on the monocyte gene expression profile, providing further evidence that they have distinct bioactivities. Many novel predictions were made and these will form the basis for future studies investigating the effects of ALA and DHA on human physiology. Funding Sources Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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