scholarly journals Los gremios medievales de los agricultores y sus estatutos en las tierras pontificias (siglos XIV y XV)

Author(s):  
Simone Rosati
Keyword(s):  

El presente estudio pretende reconstruir la explotación y gestión de los recursos naturales en los territorios pontificios en los siglos XIV y XV. La investigación se llevará a cabo a través del estudio histórico-jurídico de los testimonios dejados por las corporaciones entre los agricultores en los dominios temporales de la Iglesia. Tras describir las peculiaridades gremiales agrícolas medievales y sus estatutos, se examinarán con detalle los cuatro gremios de agricultores que, en el estado actual de la investigación, están presentes en la zona geográfica considerada: Tarquinia, Viterbo, Tuscania y Roma. Las tres primeras corporaciones serán objeto de un estudio común ya que presentan considerables similitudes tanto en contenido como estructura, que permiten suponer una influencia mutua en la redacción de los iura propria. El gremio de Roma, que constituye un unicum en el panorama italiano, será objeto de un estudio específico con el fin de representar sus elementos originales. El examen de las fuentes citadas permitirá comprender no sólo la organización interna de los gremios medievales de los agricultores y el tipo de actividad desarrollada en relación con la gestión de los recursos naturales, sino que también ofrecerá una visión más amplia del sistema de propiedad medieval, de la administración de justicia en las tierras pontificias y de la relación entre ius commune e iura propria.

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
WDH Sellar

This article is the revised text of the lecture delivered to the Stair Society at its Annual General Meeting in November 1997. It defends the proposition that Scots law, from the time of its emergence in the Middle Ages, has been a “mixed” system, open to the influence of both the English Common Law and the Civilian tradition. It also compares and contrasts the Reception of the Anglo-Norman law with that of Roman law. The former was quite specific as regards both time and substantive legal content. The Reception of Roman law, on the other hand, took place over a considerable period of time, and its effects were complex and diffuse. Above all, the Civilian tradition and the wider ius commune provided an intellectual framework against which to measure Scots law. Both Receptions exercised a profound influence on the continuing development of Scots law.


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Helmholz

Most recent historians have expressed a negative opinion of the quality of legal education at the English universities between 1400 and 1650. The academic study of law at Oxford and Cambridge, they have stated, was easy, antiquated and impractical. The curriculum had not changed from the form it assumed in the thirteenth century, and it did little to prepare students for their careers. This article challenges that opinion by examining the inner nature of the ius commune, the law that was applied in the courts of the church, and also by examining some of the works of practice compiled by English civilians during the period. Those works show that the negative opinion rests in part upon a misunderstanding of the nature of legal practice during earlier centuries. In fact, concentration on the texts of the Roman and canon laws, as old-fashioned as it seems to us, was well suited for the tasks advocates and judges would face once they left the academy. It also provided the stimulus needed for advance in the law of the church itself; their legal education made available to potential advocates and judges skills that would permit a sophisticated application of the ius commune, one better suited to their times. The article provides evidence of how this happened.1


Author(s):  
Jakob Fortunat Stagl

AbstractRoman retention of title clauses as retention of possession. It is the dominant view that Roman law did not know retention of title clauses (pactum reservati dominii) which is, accordingly, considered to be an invention of the medieval ius commune. This opinion is true to the extent that retention of title was inefficient from the Roman point of view because the buyer as possessor was always in the position of acquiring ownership by acquisitive prescription (usucapio), the requirement of good faith being met in these instances. The Roman lawyers, therefore, devised different means to make sure that the buyer would get the use of the sold good (detentio) without becoming possessor thus preventing the dreaded usucapio. This ‘retention of possession’ (Besitzvorbehalt) is the Roman functional equivalent to modern retention of title.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Padovani
Keyword(s):  

Lange Zeit als einer der wichtigsten Juristen des europäischen ius commune gepriesen, wurde Giovanni Nicoletti da Imola (ca. 1375 – 1436) selbst zum Ziel der scharfen Kritik an der gesamten Schule der Kommentatoren, zunächst durch die Humanisten und dann durch die Rechtshistoriker, die sich dem negativen Urteil Savignys anschlossen. Das Buch rekonstruiert die verflochtene und nahezu unbekannte Biographie dieses iuris utriusque doctor, seine wissenschaftliche Produktion, sowohl in gedruckter Form (die durch eine eklatante, verlegerische Fälschung belastet war) als auch seine Handschriften sowie die Beziehungen zu seinen Lehrern, Schülern und Kollegen während des Großen Schismas. Als anerkannter und an den wichtigsten Universitäten gefragter Dozent ist Giovanni vor allem Zeuge des dramatischen Übergangs vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit.


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