scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms of fecundity genes in Watish Sudanese desert sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-621
Author(s):  
Sara E. Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Romaz M. Ahmed ◽  
Khaleel I. Z. Jawasreh ◽  
M. A. M. Salih ◽  
Dalia Mursi Abdelhalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Association Testing ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Aim: The Watish sheep is a strain of desert sheep of smaller size compared to other desert sheep ecotypes, and there is anecdotal evidence that it is endowed with high litter size. The present study was designed for screening for polymorphisms in the known fecundity genes (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B A<G in exon 6, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) (FecXB, FecXG, FecXH, and FecXI) in exon2, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) – G1 in exon1 and G8 in exon2 and PRLG<A in intron2) and their association with litter size in Watish. Materials and Methods: The study involved 156 Watish ewes of 2-6 years of age, along with data on litter size in the first, second, and third parity from Sinnar state and contiguous Blue Nile State. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was performed for agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and association testing. Results: The results demonstrated that all individuals were non-carriers for the target mutations of FecB, BMP15 (FecXB, FecXH, and FecXI), and GDF9-G8. With regard to the GDF9-G1 gene, the genotypic frequencies were 0.07% (G+) and 0.93% (++), in FecXG gene they were 0.993% (++) and 0.006% (B+), in PRL gene 0.516(++), 0.347(B+), and 0.137(BB). The Chi-square test showed a non-significant association between ewe's type of birth and the detected mutations genotypes. Conclusion: These results preliminarily indicated that GDF9-G1, BMP15 (FecXG), and PRL genes might have had some contribution for improving litter size in Watish Sudanese sheep. However, further studies using larger samples are needed to detect the effects of those mutations on Watish sheep litter size.

scholarly journals An investigation of the effects of <i>BMPR1B</i>, <i>BMP15</i>, and <i>GDF9</i> genes on litter size in Ramlıç and Dağlıç sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Koray Çelikeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Tekerli ◽  
Metin Erdoğan ◽  
Serdar Koçak ◽  
Özlem Hacan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. This study was carried out to determine the presence of polymorphisms in genes affecting litter size. The SNPs in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (BMPR1B), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes were detected in 60 uniparous and 60 multiparous ewes from Ramlıç and Dağlıç breeds. The ewes are maintained in nine public herds at the breeding station of the Afyonkarahisar Sheep and Goats Breeders' Association and lambed in two consecutive breeding seasons. PCR and DNA sequencing analyses were conducted, and 36, 4, and 11 SNPs in Ramlıç and 40, 3, and 11 SNPs in Dağlıç were detected in BMPR1B, BMP15, and GDF9 genes, respectively. A total of 16 SNPs in Ramlıç and 10 SNPs in Dağlıç breeds for three genes were found to be significant (P<0.05). The resulting analyses showed that four SNPs (g.49496G>A, c.1658A>C, c.2037C>T, c.2053C>T) of the BMPR1B gene and one deletion mutation (c.28_30delCTT) in the BMP15 gene of the Ramlıç breed as well as five SNPs (c.1487C>A, c.2492C>T, c.2523G>A, c.2880A>G, and c.2763G>A) of the BMPR1B gene of the Dağlıç breed have significant positive regression coefficients in the desired direction of the rare allele. The observed mutations have potential to be used as genetic markers in the selection of prolific animals for both breeds.

scholarly journals PRLR-AluI Gene Polymorphism And Litter Size Traits In Highly Prolific Line Of Topigs 20 Sows

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Menčik ◽  
Vlado Vuković ◽  
Mario Modrić ◽  
Marija Špehar ◽  
Mario Ostović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to identify the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene polymorphism related to litter size traits. The study included 101 Topigs 20 line of sows with 426 litters. The traits studied were: Total Number of Born (TNB), Number of Born Alive (NBA), Number of Still Born (NSB), and Number of MUMmified (NMUM) piglets. Polymorphism was identified with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Allelic and genotype frequencies and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were verified with the chi-square test. Analysis of litter size traits was performed using the General Linear Model, which included the potential environmental effects. Additive and dominant allele variances were observed by the regression procedure. In the studied population of sows, the frequency of heterozygotes (0.5149) for PRLR gene exceeded the total number of AA (0.0198) and BB (0.4653) homozygotes, which resulted in a high proportion of B allele (0.7228). The results for PRLR showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in first parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for TNB and NBA. Significant differences(P<0.05) were recorded in third parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for NBA, and in AA genotypeversusAB and BB genotypes for NMUM. The fourth and subsequent parity sows of AA genotype had a significantly higher (P<0.05) rate of NBA as compared with those of AB and BB genotypes. In all parities analysed, the difference between the BB and AB genotypes for NBA was statistically significant (P<0.05). Interpretation of the results at the levels of phenotypes and either additive or dominant variance was quite difficult due to the small number of AA homozygous sows. The calculation model yielded a significant effect (P<0.05) as well as tendency (P<0.1) for the mentioned effects except for age at first farrowing.

scholarly journals Using sheep genomes from diverse U.S. breeds to identify missense variants in genes affecting fecundity

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Heaton ◽  
Timothy P.L. Smith ◽  
Bradley A. Freking ◽  
Aspen M. Workman ◽  
Gary L. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Read Depth ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Protein Variants

Background:  Access to sheep genome sequences significantly improves the chances of identifying genes that may influence the health, welfare, and productivity of these animals.   Methods:  A public, searchable DNA sequence resource for U.S. sheep was created with whole genome sequence (WGS) of 96 rams.  The animals shared minimal pedigree relationships and represent nine popular U.S. breeds and a composite line.  The genomes are viewable online with the user-friendly Integrated Genome Viewer environment, and may be used to identify and decode gene variants present in U.S. sheep. Results:  The genomes had a combined average read depth of 16, and an average WGS genotype scoring rate and accuracy exceeding 99%.  The utility of this resource was illustrated by characterizing three genes with 14 known coding variants affecting litter size in global sheep populations:  growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), and bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B).  In the 96 U.S. rams, nine missense variants encoding 11 protein variants were identified.  However, only one was previously reported to affect litter size (GDF9 V371M, Finnsheep).  Two missense variants in BMP15 were identified that had not previously been reported:  R67Q in Dorset, and L252P in Dorper and White Dorper breeds. Also, two novel missense variants were identified in BMPR1B:  M64I in Katahdin, and T345N in Romanov and Finnsheep breeds.  Based on the strict conservation of amino acid residues across placental mammals, the four variants encoded by BMP15 and BMPR1B are predicted to interfere with their function.  However, preliminary analyses of litter sizes in small samples did not reveal a correlation with variants in BMP15 and BMPR1B with daughters of these rams.  Conclusions: Collectively, this report describes a new resource for discovering protein variants in silico and identifies alleles for further testing of their effects on litter size in U.S. breeds.

scholarly journals Role of Oocyte-Secreted Growth Differentiation Factor 9 in the Regulation of Mouse Cumulus Expansion

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 2798-2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Dragovic ◽  
Lesley J. Ritter ◽  
Samantha J. Schulz ◽  
Fred Amato ◽  
David T. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cumulus Expansion ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Hyaluronan Synthase 2

Abstract Oocyte-secreted factors are required for expansion of the mouse cumulus-oocyte complex, which is necessary for ovulation. Oocyte-secreted growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) signals through the bone morphogenetic protein receptor II and is currently the primary candidate molecule for the cumulus-expansion enabling factor. This study was conducted to determine whether GDF9 is the mouse cumulus-expansion enabling factor. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from mice, and the oocyte was microsurgically removed to generate an oocytectomized (OOX) complex. OOX complexes treated with FSH alone or recombinant mouse GDF9 alone failed to expand, whereas expansion was induced in the presence of FSH by GDF9, TGFβ1, or coculture with oocytes. A specific GDF9-neutralizing antibody, mAb-GDF9–53, neutralized the expansion of OOX complexes in response to GDF9 but not the expansion of OOX complexes cocultured with oocytes. Using real-time RT-PCR, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA expression by OOXs was up-regulated 4- to 6-fold by oocytes and GDF9. Monoclonal neutralizing antibody-GDF9–53 attenuated GDF9-induced OOX HAS2 expression but not oocyte-induced HAS2 expression. A TGFβ antagonist neutralized TGFβ-induced, but not oocyte-induced, expansion of OOX complexes, and when combined with monoclonal neutralizing antibody-GDF9–53 also failed to neutralize oocyte-induced expansion. Furthermore, a soluble portion of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor II extracellular domain, which is a known GDF9 antagonist, completely antagonized GDF9-induced expansion but only partially neutralized oocyte-induced expansion. This study provides further evidence that like TGFβ, GDF9 can enable FSH-induced cumulus expansion, but more importantly, demonstrates that neither GDF9 nor TGFβ alone, nor the two in unison, account for the critical oocyte-secreted factors regulating mouse cumulus expansion.

Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

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