Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS PADA ANALISA HUJAN DENGAN METODE GOODNESS OF FIT TEST

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Togani Cahyadi Upomo ◽  
Rini Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Pearson Iii Distribution

Rainfall event is a stochastic process, so to explain and analyze this processes the probability theory and frequency analysisare used. There are four types of probability distributions.They are normal, log normal, log Pearson III and Gumbel. To find the best probabilities distribution, it will used goodness of fit test. The tests consist of chi-square and smirnov-kolmogorov. Results of the chi-square test for normal distribution, log normal and log Pearson III was 0.200, while for the Gumbel distribution was 2.333. Results of Smirnov Kolmogorov test for normal distribution D = 0.1554, log-normal distribution D = 0.1103, log Pearson III distribution D = 0.1177 and Gumbel distribution D = 0.095. All of the distribution can be accepted with a confidence level of 95%, but the best distribution is log normal distribution.Kejadian hujan merupakan proses stokastik, sehingga untuk keperluan analisa dan menjelaskan proses stokastik tersebut digunakan teori probabilitas dan analisa frekuensi. Terdapat empat jenis distribusi probabilitas yaitu distribusi normal, log normal, log pearson III dan gumbel. Untuk mencari distribusi probabilitas terbaik maka akan digunakan pengujian metode goodness of fit test. Pengujian tersebut meliputi uji chi-kuadrat dan uji smirnov kolmogorov. Hasil pengujian chi kuadrat untuk distribusi normal, log normal dan log pearson III adalah 0.200, sedangkan untuk distribusi gumbel 2.333. Hasil pengujian smirnov kolmogorov untuk distribusi normal dengan nilai D = 0.1554, distribusi log normal dengan nilai D = 0.1103, distribusi log pearson III dengan nilai D = 0.1177 dan distribusi gumbel dengan nilai D = 0.095. Seluruh distribusi dapat diterima dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%, tetapi distribusi terbaik adalah distribusi log normal.

scholarly journals Distribution of Earthquake Magnitude Levels in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Moyazzem Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Best Fit

Earthquakes are one of the main natural hazards which seriously make threats the life and property of human beings. Different probability distributions of the earthquake magnitude levels in Bangladesh are fitted. In terms of graphical assessment and goodness-of-fit criterion, the log-normal distribution is found to be the best fit probability distributions for the earthquake magnitude levels in Bangladesh among the probability distribution considered in this study. The average earthquake magnitude level found 4.67 (in Richter scale) for log-normal distribution and the approximately forty-six percent chance is predicted to take place earthquake magnitude in the interval four to five.

scholarly journals Frequency analysis of annual one day to five consecutive days maximum rainfall for Gandak river basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivika Singla ◽  
Raktim Halder ◽  
Rakesh Khosa ◽  
Rumani Singla ◽  
Rudraksh Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Best Fit

The present study has been conducted for rainfall intensity and frequency estimation for the Gandak basin, a region prone to high floods with an unrealized and unexplored hydro-potential. The two popular gridded precipitation datasets i.e.: (1) APHRODITE, and (2) IMD, for the years 1969-2005, has been used to calculate the mean basin precipitation through the Thiessen polygon method on the ARC-GIS interface. This computed data was used to find out the 1-day, 2-day to 5-day consecutive maximum precipitation series and hence fitted into various well-known probability distribution functions viz., Normal, Gamma, Exponential, etc. According to the best fit data in these functions, the quantiles were determined corresponding to a return period of 2, 10, 20, 25, 50 and 100 years. The two widely used tests: Chi-square Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test were employed to further check the goodness of fit of the series in the distributions. The results reveal that the best fit for 1-day was achieved with the normal distribution, for 2-day with GEV and with GPAR for the remaining maximum consecutive days rainfall. Such studies have thus proven to be substantially facilitative in planning for the safe and economic design of various engineered structures such as bridges, culverts, levees, canals, irrigation and drainage works and effective reservoir management. Keywords: Floods, Frequency, Hydrology, Probability Distribution, Rainfall.

scholarly journals Estimating the Best-Fitted Probability Distribution for Monthly Maximum Temperature at the Sylhet Station in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Rashidul Hasan Rashidul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Log Normal

The estimation of a suitable probability model depends mainly on the features of available temperature data at a particular place. As a result, existing probability distributions must be evaluated to establish an appropriate probability model that can deliver precise temperature estimation. The study intended to estimate the best-fitted probability model for the monthly maximum temperature at the Sylhet station in Bangladesh from January 2002 to December 2012 using several statistical analyses. Ten continuous probability distributions such as Exponential, Gamma, Log-Gamma, Beta, Normal, Log-Normal, Erlang, Power Function, Rayleigh, and Weibull distributions were fitted for these tasks using the maximum likelihood technique. To determine the model’s fit to the temperature data, several goodness-of-fit tests were applied, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Anderson-Darling test, and Chi-square test. The Beta distribution is found to be the best-fitted probability distribution based on the largest overall score derived from three specified goodness-of-fit tests for the monthly maximum temperature data at the Sylhet station.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Best-Fit Probability Distribution Models for the Prediction of Inflows of Kainji Reservoir, Niger State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117862211769103
Author(s):  
Mohammed J Mamman ◽  
Otache Y Martins ◽  
Jibril Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed I Shaba
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Type I ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Hydropower Dams ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Analysis Of Time Series

The analysis of time series is essential for building mathematical models to generate synthetic hydrologic records, to forecast hydrologic events, to detect intrinsic stochastic characteristics of hydrologic variables, as well as to fill missing and extend records. To this end, various probability distribution models were fitted to river inflows of Kainji Reservoir in New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. This is to evaluate the probability function that is best suitable for the prediction of their values and subsequently using the best model to predict for both the expected maximum and minimum monthly inflows at some specific return periods. Three models, ie, Gumbel extreme value type I (EVI), log-normal (LN), and normal (N), were evaluated for the inflows and the best model was selected based on the statistical goodness-of-fit test. The values of goodness-of-fit test for Kainji hydropower dam are as follows: r = 0.96, R2 = 0.99, SEE = 0.0087, χ2 = 0.0054, for Gumbel (EVI); r = 0.79, R2 = 0.85, SEE = 0.02, χ2 = 0.31 for LN; and r = 0.0.75, R2 = 0.0.68, SEE = 0.056, χ2 = 1376.39 for N. For the Kainji hydropower dams, the Gumbel (EVI) model gave the best fit. These probability distribution models can be used to predict the near-future reservoir inflow at the Kainji hydropower dams.

scholarly journals A best-fit probability distribution for the estimation of rainfall in northern regions of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Amin ◽  
M. Rizwan ◽  
A. A. Alazba
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Pearson Type ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractThis study was designed to find the best-fit probability distribution of annual maximum rainfall based on a twenty-four-hour sample in the northern regions of Pakistan using four probability distributions: normal, log-normal, log-Pearson type-III and Gumbel max. Based on the scores of goodness of fit tests, the normal distribution was found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the Mardan rainfall gauging station. The log-Pearson type-III distribution was found to be the best-fit probability distribution at the rest of the rainfall gauging stations. The maximum values of expected rainfall were calculated using the best-fit probability distributions and can be used by design engineers in future research.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms of fecundity genes in Watish Sudanese desert sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-621
Author(s):  
Sara E. Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Romaz M. Ahmed ◽  
Khaleel I. Z. Jawasreh ◽  
M. A. M. Salih ◽  
Dalia Mursi Abdelhalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Association Testing ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Aim: The Watish sheep is a strain of desert sheep of smaller size compared to other desert sheep ecotypes, and there is anecdotal evidence that it is endowed with high litter size. The present study was designed for screening for polymorphisms in the known fecundity genes (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B A<G in exon 6, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) (FecXB, FecXG, FecXH, and FecXI) in exon2, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) – G1 in exon1 and G8 in exon2 and PRLG<A in intron2) and their association with litter size in Watish. Materials and Methods: The study involved 156 Watish ewes of 2-6 years of age, along with data on litter size in the first, second, and third parity from Sinnar state and contiguous Blue Nile State. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was performed for agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and association testing. Results: The results demonstrated that all individuals were non-carriers for the target mutations of FecB, BMP15 (FecXB, FecXH, and FecXI), and GDF9-G8. With regard to the GDF9-G1 gene, the genotypic frequencies were 0.07% (G+) and 0.93% (++), in FecXG gene they were 0.993% (++) and 0.006% (B+), in PRL gene 0.516(++), 0.347(B+), and 0.137(BB). The Chi-square test showed a non-significant association between ewe's type of birth and the detected mutations genotypes. Conclusion: These results preliminarily indicated that GDF9-G1, BMP15 (FecXG), and PRL genes might have had some contribution for improving litter size in Watish Sudanese sheep. However, further studies using larger samples are needed to detect the effects of those mutations on Watish sheep litter size.

scholarly journals Digitization of Educational Technology Centres for Teaching Electrical and Electronics Technology in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Dauda Moses ◽  
Nasiru Bello Mohammed ◽  
Amos Danlami Agbu ◽  
Lumo Adams Gainaka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the level of digitization of Educational Technology Centres for teaching electrical and electronics technology in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria in order to provide information that will help solve problems of incompetence of public school students in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The study, guided by two research questions and two hypotheses was conducted in six Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria using descriptive survey research design. The sample of the study was 50 comprising of 15 non-teaching Educational Technology Centres staff and 35 Electrical and Electronics Technology lecturers from five colleges of education in North Eastern Nigeria. Checklist containing 103 expected digital facilities based on National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) minimum standard for Educational Technology Facilities in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria was used as instrument for data collection. Respondents were required to fill in observed facilities in the required column. Arithmetic percentage and Chi–square test of goodness-of-fit and were used determine the extent of digitization of the Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria. Findings of the study revealed among others that analog technologies has higher number of frequency counts compared to digital technologies, hence there was low digitization of hardware facilities in Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria were not digitized for instructional purposes; therefore, Government should digitize Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria by adequately providing both digital hard and soft ware facilities.

The Application of the Chi-Square Test of Goodness-of-Fit to Mortality Data Graduated by Summation Formulae.

1971 ◽  
Vol 97 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Summation Formula ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Summation Formulae ◽  
Chi Square Test

In his paper of 1941, Seal included details of some experiments he performed in an attempt to estimate the appropriate number of degrees of freedom for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test of a summation formula graduation. These results are referred to by Tetley and by Benjamin and Haycocks in their textbooks when they mention the difficulty of determining the number of degrees of freedom or mean chi-square value.

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